Glossary
Communism
A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society in which all property and resources are communally owned and controlled by the state.
Example:
The Soviet Union's promotion of communism in Eastern Europe after WWII led to the division of the continent and the Cold War.
Cradle-to-grave welfare
A comprehensive system of social welfare programs provided by the state, designed to support citizens from birth through old age, covering areas like healthcare, education, and social security.
Example:
In post-war Britain, the establishment of the National Health Service exemplified the commitment to cradle-to-grave welfare, ensuring universal healthcare for all citizens.
Democracy
A system of government where power is vested in the people, who exercise it either directly or through elected representatives.
Example:
After World War II, many Western European nations re-established or strengthened their democracy, allowing citizens to vote and participate in governance.
Fascism
A political ideology characterized by extreme nationalism, authoritarianism, a dictatorial leader, and the suppression of opposition, often through force.
Example:
The rise of fascism in Italy under Mussolini and Germany under Hitler led to aggressive expansionism and ultimately World War II.
Marshall Plan
A U.S. initiative providing massive financial aid to Western European countries after World War II to help them rebuild their economies and prevent the spread of communism.
Example:
The Marshall Plan helped transform war-torn Western Germany into an economic powerhouse, demonstrating the power of foreign aid in post-conflict recovery.