Renaissance and Exploration
Which policy enacted under Ferdinand and Isabella significantly contributed to Spain becoming a leading European power during their reign?
The Edict of Nantes granting substantial rights to Spanish Muslims in an effort to promote religious diversity and tolerance.
The completion of Reconquista with conquests like Granada which unified Spain under Christian rule and expanded territorial control.
The introduction of heavy tariffs on all imported goods aiming at self-sufficiency and discouraging foreign economic dominance in Spain.
The institution of Salic Law throughout their kingdoms preventing female succession thus avoiding complex inheritance disputes.
In a scenario where France embraced Lutheranism under Francis I after meeting Martin Luther at Worms, what would have likely been a major effect on international alliances?
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A realigned system with a Protestant Franco-Ottoman alliance challenging both Holy Roman Empire control and Mediterranean hegemony more aggressively than historical diplomatic efforts did.
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How does Henry VIII's formation of the Anglican Church reflect on his political perspective during that era?
He favored centralized control over religious institutions
He supported increased democratic freedoms
He aimed to promote religious tolerance
He wished to lessen his own influence over religio-political matters
Which conflict marked the beginning of modern diplomacy and balance-of-power politics in Europe?
Peace of Augsburg ending the Schmalkaldic War
Congress of Vienna following Napoleonic Wars
Treaty of Westphalia ending the Thirty Years' War
Treaty of Tordesillas dividing global territories between Spain and Portugal
What cultural phenomenon was characterized by questioning traditional authority during this period?
The Enlightenment
World War I
Victorian Era
The Industrial Revolution
"Leviathan", a foundational text in Western political philosophy, was authored by whom?
Thomas Hobbes
Niccolò Machiavelli
René Descartes
Jean Bodin
What were some key changes brought about by New Monarchies during Renaissance?
Reinforcing feudal society and limiting power to nobility and clergy members exclusively.
Abolishing monarchy and establishing democratic governments.
Promoting anarchy by dissolving all forms of governance structures.
Establishing standing armies, centralizing tax collection, and promoting religious reform for control over religious practices.

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Which treaty ended the Eighty Years' War for independence against Spanish rule?
The Treaty of Tordesillas
The Peace of Augsburg
The Treaty of Westphalia
The Treaty of Utrecht
Which New Monarchy in Europe first introduced a standing army during the period from 1450-1648?
Portugal
Spain
France
England
What limitation does the "Edict of Nantes" (1598) present when used as a primary source on French religious policy?
It omits details about the role of women in society
It doesn't cover the relationship between Church and State in France
It reflects the viewpoint of the monarchy, not necessarily that of all French society
It only focuses on Catholic-Protestant relationships