Reformation
Which development led to an increase in religious tolerance during and after the Thirty Years' War?
Henry VIII breaking with Rome
The Council of Trent
The Edict of Nantes
The Peace of Westphalia
Which was one significant impact 'The Institutes' by John Calvin had on age reformation?
Endorsed papal authority over religious matters.
Delegitimized the concept of monarchy.
Established a comprehensive theological base for Protestant faith.
Advocated for peaceful coexistence between different religious faiths.
Which of the following outcomes from the Peace of Augsburg in 1555 best demonstrates a long-term shift rather than an immediate resolution in the conflicts between Catholics and Protestants?
Acknowledgment of co-existing Protestant and Catholic territories within the Holy Roman Empire
The establishment of a permanent religious border within Europe
Immediate halt to armed conflicts between Lutheran princes and Catholic forces
A decisive victory for Protestantism leading to widespread conversion
In what way did John Calvin's doctrine influence economic practices in Europe that later became associated with capitalism?
Calvin’s focus on predestination created a deterministic outlook that discouraged financial risk-taking among merchants.
The abolition of usury laws among Protestant states increased available credit for entrepreneurial ventures across Europe.
The "Protestant work ethic" encouraged industry and frugality, which fostered a favorable environment for capital accumulation.
Calvinist iconoclasm led to reduced spending on religious art, inadvertently freeing up capital for investment in commerce.
Which policy is most closely associated with Cardinal Richelieu's efforts during France's involvement in the Thirty Years' War?
Aligning with Protestant states against Habsburg-controlled territories despite France being a predominantly Catholic country
Launching an initiative within France to replace Protestantism with Catholic reforms inspired by Council of Trent decisions
Supporting Spanish Habsburg interests as part of a broader strategy aimed at uniting all Catholics against Protestant nations
Encouraging French neutrality throughout Europe so as not to disrupt domestic economic recovery after earlier wars
How did Henry VIII’s Act Supremacy (1534) affect England’s political landscape?
It marked the beginning of England's return to Catholicism.
He became head of Church, increasing Crown authority over religion, effectively creating Anglicanism.
It made Catholicism illegal throughout England,
It led to mass conversion to Protestantism in France and Spain.
What role did Witch hunts play reflecting societal anxieties tensions time?
Served primarily as a means to increase church revenues through confiscation of convicted assets.
Fueled fears of instability and uncertainty, often targeting marginal or powerless individuals and communities as scapegoats during times of crisis.
Persecuted mainly the male population believed to be witches, military strategists, and warfare.
Primarily functioned to eliminate competition and monopolize healing and traditional medicine provider roles in communities.

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In what way did the Protestant Reformation affect European society's social structure during the 16th and 17th centuries?
It eliminated economic differences between classes.
It eradicated societal norms and traditions.
It led to religious divisions that exacerbated existing social conflicts.
It decreased social mobility significantly.
The Protestant Reformation challenged the authority of the:
Dutch Republic.
Protestant churches.
French monarchy.
Catholic Church.
Which cultural trend emerged as a result of the Protestant Reformation?
Decreased church attendance
Increased literacy rates
Expansion of feudalism
Decline in art production