Absolutism and Constitutionalism

It reduced the need for armies

It had no major impact on warfare

It made warfare more deadly

It made warfare less common

Slaves, textiles, and weapons

Gold, silver, and precious metals

Indigenous people, luxury goods, and manufactured goods

European goods, enslaved Africans, and raw materials

To reduce government involvement in business affairs for increased efficiency.

To establish universal currencies that would simplify international trade.

To promote worker rights within rapidly industrializing sectors.

To enhance state power by boosting national economies.

A decline in military conflict thanks to a focus on scientific development over territorial disputes.

Balanced government budgets due primarily to technologically advanced agricultural practices.

Increased opportunities for lower social classes through public education reforms.

Colonial expansion resulting from aggressive pursuit of resources.

Glassmaking industry

Textile industry

Shipbuilding industry

Furniture making industry

England could have abandoned overseas colonies entirely, focusing on European affairs.

England might have adopted a more isolationist economic policy to avoid competition.

England may have focused on advancing financial services rather than manufacturing.

England would have sought a military alliance with Spain to counter Dutch trade.

They decentralized economic powers, providing more autonomy to local governments and guilds.

They reduced military expenditures to redirect funds towards cultural developments and patronage.

They encouraged free trade to foster economic competition and innovation within their borders.

They implemented protectionist trade policies to accumulate bullion and strengthen national wealth.

To exercise control over oceans

To broaden political alliances with indigenous peoples

To spread their cultures globally

To acquire resources and markets for their goods

Germany

Portugal

England

Italy

Laissez-faire economics.

Free-trade agreements with other nations.

High tariffs on imported goods.

Decreased government intervention in economic activities.