19th Century Perspectives and Political Developments
Which war was not part of Italy's path to unification?
Franco-Prussian War
Third Italian War of Independence
Expedition of the Thousand
Second Italian War of Independence
In the context of late 19th-century Europe, which diplomatic strategy is best exemplified by Otto von Bismarck's system of alliances prior to World War I?
Bilateral agreements encouraging colonial expansion and competition among great powers.
Isolationist policies that aimed at keeping Germany detached from other European conflicts.
A complex network of treaties designed to prevent French aggression and maintain a balance of power.
A series of mutual defense pacts aimed at promoting liberal revolutions across Europe.
What directly led to the Crimean War between Russia and the Ottoman Empire?
The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Dispute over control of holy sites in Palestine
Russian expansion into Alaska
Napoleon III's desire for military glory
Which of the following actions by Otto von Bismarck best demonstrates his use of Realpolitik in the unification of Germany?
Manipulating the Ems Dispatch to provoke France into declaring war.
Promoting industrialization and economic growth through Zollverein.
Creating a welfare state with social insurance programs.
Establishing universal male suffrage in the North German Confederation.
What role did nationalism play during this era according to realist philosophers such as Johann Gottfried Herder?
Suggesting that multinational empires should be maintained due to their ability to blend various cultures and create a stronger polity overall.
Encouraging absolute monarchy as the best form of governance to preserve historical traditions & cultural identity of nationhood.
Proposing that every unique ethnic group has its distinct spirit expressed through language & customs, which justified the pursuit of sovereign nation-states.
Advocating for a supranational European government that would supersede traditional ethnic & national identities.
In what way can Queen Victoria’s reign during this period be interpreted through queer theory?
Her expansionist foreign policy defies normative female behavior.
Her embrace of industrialization challenges patriarchal norms.
Her opposition to Irish Home Rule demonstrates a rejection of traditional gender roles.
Her close relationship with her servant John Brown after Albert's death raises questions about heteronormative narratives.
What role did the concept of Realpolitik play in the unification of Italy and Germany during 19th century from a Marxist perspective?
It was a response to rising feminist movements in Europe.
It was designed to eliminate colonial influence in European politics.
It was an effort to improve working conditions for industrial laborers.
It was a maneuver to consolidate bourgeois power by creating larger markets.

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Which technological innovation during the 19th century revolutionized communication and contributed to national unification?
The Telegraph
The Cotton Gin
The Spinning Jenny
The Steam Engine
What strategic role did railways play during the Wars of German Unification?
They allowed for efficient transport of agricultural products fueling economic stability during wartime.
They provided evacuation routes for civilians minimizing resistance in occupied areas.
They served as international communication lines preventing espionage activities.
They facilitated rapid troop mobilization which was crucial for Prussian military victories.
Which principle best exemplifies Giuseppe Garibaldi's role in Italian unification during the mid-19th century?
The spread of Enlightenment ideas to gradually democratize Italian states from within.
The pursuit of national unity through armed intervention and popular support.
Restoration of traditional monarchies without altering existing social hierarchies.
Establishment of socialist communes inspired by Marxist ideologies across Italy.