#AP European History Study Guide 🚀

Hey! Let's get you prepped for the AP Euro exam. This guide is designed to be your go-to resource, especially the night before the test. We'll break down key concepts, make connections, and give you some killer memory aids. Let's do this!

#Political Sovereignty

#The French Revolution

The French Revolution 🇫🇷 and Napoleon's reign were HUGE game-changers. They challenged how political power was understood in 18th-century Europe, both between states and within them.

• The French Revolution questioned the existing political and social order. Think: Liberty, Fraternity, Equality!

* **Edmund Burke**, a British statesman, was a major critic. He thought the revolution was a radical break from tradition and a threat to social order. His views resonated with conservatives across Europe.

#Napoleon's Reign

Napoleon came to power claiming to defend the Revolution's ideals, but his rule was complex.

• He brought in domestic reforms like boosting civic literacy, restoring the Catholic Church, and implementing the Napoleonic Code (French Civil Code).

* However, he also used censorship and a secret police to suppress opposition, limiting freedoms. * Through the **Napoleonic Wars**, Napoleon spread revolutionary ideas across Europe, using new military tactics, conscription, and officer training. * His actions upset the balance of power, leading to nationalistic responses aimed at restoring the traditional conservative order. * After several coalitions, Napoleon was defeated, abdicated, and exiled, only to return briefly during the **Hundred Days' War**.

#The Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna, led by Klemens von Metternich, aimed to restore Europe after Napoleon.

• The Bourbons were put back on the French throne.
• European borders were redrawn.