#AP European History: Congress of Vienna - Night Before Review 🚀

Hey! Let's get you prepped and confident for tomorrow. We're going to break down the Congress of Vienna, making sure you're ready to ace those questions!

#The Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)

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* **Objective:** To undo the French Revolution and Napoleonic era, restoring Europe to its pre-1789 state. * **Key Players:** Great Britain, Prussia, Russia, and Austria (the 'Big Four'), led by **Klemens von Metternich** of Austria. * **Main Concerns:** * Eliminate **liberalism** and **nationalism**, which were seen as threats to monarchical power. * Prevent any single nation (especially France) from dominating Europe. * Establish a lasting peace based on a balance of power.

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* Metternich was the mastermind. He believed the French Revolution's changes were a danger to established monarchies. * His goal was to maintain a conservative order and suppress revolutionary ideas.

Caption: Prince Metternich, the architect of the Congress of Vienna.

#Re-Drawing the Map 🗺️

• France:
  • Given generous peace terms to avoid resentment.
  • Allowed to keep territory gained before November 1, 1792. * Poland:
  • Did not get independence; became a Russian territory.
• New States:
  • Kingdom of the Netherlands: Created by merging Austrian Netherlands and Dutch territories.
  • Piedmont: Received Genoa.
  • Prussia: Gained more land along the Rhine River.
• Goal: To create buffer states and prevent future French expansion.

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* **Redrawn Boundaries:** Created new countries and changed existing borders. * **Restored Monarchies:** Put pre-revolutionary monarchs back in power. * **Balance of Power:** Established a system to prevent any one nation from becoming too powerful. * **Holy Alliance:** Russia, Austria, and Prussia joined forces to promote Christian values and suppress revolutionary movements. * **Quadruple Alliance:** Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia formed an alliance to maintain the territorial settlements and prevent French resurgence.

#Impact and Legacy 💡

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* A period of relative peace in Europe. * Suppression of liberal and nationalist movements. * Restoration of traditional social hierarchies.

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* The seeds of future conflicts were sown, as nationalism and liberalism were not eliminated but rather suppressed. * The system of alliances would play a role in the outbreak of World War I. * The Congress of Vienna's decisions shaped European politics for decades.

#Final Exam Focus

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* **Conservatism vs. Liberalism:** How the Congress of Vienna tried to suppress liberal ideas. * **Nationalism:** How the Congress tried to ignore nationalistic sentiments, which later led to conflicts. * **Balance of Power:** The system established to prevent future wars and dominance. * **Alliances:** The role of the Holy Alliance and the Quadruple Alliance in maintaining the new order.

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* **Time Management:** Pace yourself! Don't spend too long on one question. * **Common Pitfalls:** Avoid simply listing facts; analyze their significance. * **FRQs:** Make sure to understand the prompt fully and directly answer the question. Provide specific examples.

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Practice Question

Practice Questions

#Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following was the primary goal of the Congress of Vienna? (A) To spread liberal ideas throughout Europe (B) To establish a balance of power and restore pre-revolutionary order (C) To promote nationalist movements (D) To create a unified European state

2. Which of the following best describes the role of Klemens von Metternich at the Congress of Vienna? (A) He advocated for liberal reforms (B) He led the Congress and promoted conservative principles (C) He sought to expand French territory (D) He represented the interests of the working class

3. The Holy Alliance, formed after the Congress of Vienna, primarily aimed to: (A) Encourage democratic reforms (B) Promote free trade among European nations (C) Suppress revolutionary and liberal movements (D) Establish a unified European military force

#Short Answer Question

Briefly explain how the Congress of Vienna attempted to restore the balance of power in Europe, and identify one long-term consequence of its actions.

#Free Response Question

Analyze the extent to which the Congress of Vienna successfully achieved its goals of restoring stability and order in Europe between 1815 and 1848. Scoring Breakdown for FRQ:

• Thesis (1 point): A clear, historically defensible thesis that addresses the prompt.
  • Example: The Congress of Vienna achieved some short-term stability by re-establishing monarchies and creating a balance of power, but its suppression of liberal and nationalistic ideas ultimately led to long-term instability.
• Contextualization (1 point): Describes a broader historical context relevant to the prompt.
  • Example: The Congress of Vienna was convened after the Napoleonic Wars, which had disrupted the political and social order of Europe. The French Revolution had spread liberal and nationalist ideas, which threatened the traditional monarchies.
• Evidence (2 points): Provides specific examples to support the argument.
  • Example: The Congress redrew borders, restored monarchies, and formed alliances like the Holy Alliance and Quadruple Alliance to maintain the new order. It also suppressed liberal and nationalist movements, leading to revolts in 1830 and 1848. * Analysis and Reasoning (2 points): Explains how the evidence supports the thesis and demonstrates historical reasoning skills.
  • Example: While the Congress created a period of relative peace, its failure to address underlying tensions such as nationalism and liberalism meant that the stability was not sustainable. The alliances created were designed to suppress these forces, but they were ultimately unsuccessful.
• Conclusion (1 point): A concluding statement summarizing the argument.
  • Example: In conclusion, the Congress of Vienna achieved some of its goals in the short term, but its failure to address the underlying causes of instability meant that it could not maintain a lasting peace.

You've got this! Go get 'em! 💪