AP European History Study Guide: Revolutions & Russian Reforms 🚀

Hey there! Let's get you prepped and confident for your AP Euro exam. This guide is designed to be your go-to resource, making sure you're not just memorizing facts, but truly understanding the big picture. Let's dive in!

The Aftermath of Napoleon: Seeds of Change 🌍

Napoleon's legacy wasn't just about conquests; it was about ideas. Even after his fall, the concepts of nationalism and liberalism he spread couldn't be contained. People across Europe were no longer content with the old order. They wanted change, and they were ready to fight for it. This sets the stage for the tumultuous period we're about to explore.

The Explosive Year: Revolutions of 1848 💥

1848 was a year of widespread upheaval. Revolutions erupted across Europe, from Italy to France to the German states and even Austria. Why? Let's break it down:

Causes of the 1848 Revolutions:

• General Discontent: Years of bad harvests and economic depression led to widespread unemployment and frustration. People were fed up with the status quo and governments that seemed indifferent to their suffering. 😠
• Rise of Liberalism: People demanded more rights and freedoms, including voting rights, better working conditions, and improved quality of life. They believed the government was the root of their problems. 💡
• Nationalism: Napoleon's occupation had sparked a sense of national unity and pride. People wanted to unify their nations and throw off foreign rule. This was a direct challenge to the conservative order established by the Congress of Vienna.