#AP European History: Art Movements & Women's Roles (19th-20th Century) 🎨

Hey there! Let's dive into the art movements and social changes that rocked Europe. This guide is designed to be your go-to resource for a quick, effective review. Let's make sure you're feeling confident and ready to ace that exam!

Remember that art movements often reflect the social and political climate of their time. Understanding the context is key! 🔑

#Romanticism (Early 19th Century) 💖

#Core Ideas

• Rejection of Neoclassicism: Romanticism was a reaction against the order and reason of Neoclassicism. It emphasized:
  • Emotion & Intuition: Feelings over logic.
  • Individuality: Celebrating the unique experience.
  • The Supernatural: Fascination with the mysterious and unknown.
  • Nationalism: Pride in one's own culture and history.

#Historical Context

• Industrial Revolution: Romantic artists responded to the rapid changes and social issues brought about by industrialization.
• Political Revolutions: The French Revolution and other uprisings fueled the emphasis on individual rights and freedoms.

#Key Features

• Social Critique: Artists used their work to comment on and criticize society.
• Imagination: Romanticism aimed to ignite the viewer's imagination and emotions.
• Music: Composers used large orchestras and complex textures to express deep emotions.

#Key Figures

• Francisco Goya (🇪🇸): Known for his dark and intense Pinturas Negras, reflecting the turmoil of his time.

  

• Caspar David Friedrich (🇩🇪): Famous for his landscapes, such as Wanderer above the Sea of Fog, which evoke feelings of awe and the sublime.

  

• Ludwig van Beethoven (🇩🇪): A revolutionary composer who pushed the boundaries of classical music, expressing intense personal emotions.

  

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      "question": "Which of the following best describes a key characteristic of Romanticism in the early 19th century?",
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        "Emphasis on reason and logic",
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      "question": "A major influence on the development of Romanticism was:",
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     ...