#European History Study Guide: Existentialism, Postmodernism, and 20th-Century Shifts

Welcome! This guide is designed to help you ace your European History exam by focusing on key concepts and providing clear, concise explanations. Let's get started!

#1. The Post-War Crisis of Meaning: Existentialism and Postmodernism

Key Concept

The aftermath of the World Wars and economic depressions led to widespread anxiety and a questioning of traditional values. This created fertile ground for new philosophical movements.

#1.1 Existentialism

Core Idea: Emphasizes individual freedom, choice, and responsibility. Life is inherently meaningless, and individuals create their own purpose.
Key Characteristics:
- Focus on the human condition characterized by suffering and isolation.
- Rejection of pre-determined values; individuals must define their own.
- Emphasis on personal experience and subjective truth.
Famous Existentialists:
- Friedrich Nietzsche 🇩🇪: Rejected traditional morality, advocating for self-created values.