All Flashcards
Define Second Agricultural Revolution.
Overhaul of farming in Britain (16th-19th centuries) boosting efficiency and output.
What is the Enclosure Movement?
Consolidating small farms into larger, more productive units.
Define Selective Breeding.
Choosing animals with best traits to breed for super-productive livestock.
What is Rural-Urban Migration?
Movement of people from farms to cities for work.
Define Mechanization.
The introduction of machines into agriculture.
What is meant by 'increased yields'?
Producing more crops per unit of land.
Define 'crop rotation'.
The practice of planting different crops sequentially to improve soil health.
What is 'intensive farming'?
Farming that uses high levels of inputs, such as fertilizer and pesticides.
Define 'agricultural policy'.
Government actions that affect the agricultural sector.
What are agricultural subsidies?
Government payments to farmers to support their income or production.
What was the main goal of the Second Agricultural Revolution?
Produce more food, more efficiently, driven by population growth, urbanization, industrialization, and trade.
Explain the connection between the Second Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolution.
The Second Agricultural Revolution provided surplus food and labor, fueling the Industrial Revolution.
How did the Enclosure Movement contribute to the Second Agricultural Revolution?
Consolidated land into larger farms, increasing efficiency and yields.
Why were new crops like turnips and clover important?
Helped with crop rotation, keeping soil fertile.
What role did technology play in the Second Agricultural Revolution?
New machines like the seed drill and threshing machine made planting and harvesting faster and easier.
Explain the concept of specialization in agriculture.
Focusing on specific crops or livestock for increased efficiency and profit.
What is the significance of increased food production?
Leads to fewer hungry people, population boom, and economic growth.
Explain the impact of the Second Agricultural Revolution on social structures.
Traditional rural life changed drastically as new forms of property ownership emerged.
What is the relationship between urbanization and agricultural productivity?
Increased agricultural productivity supports urbanization by providing food and labor.
How did the Second Agricultural Revolution influence modern farming practices?
Many modern practices have roots in it, including mechanization, specialization, and intensive farming.
What were the causes and effects of the Enclosure Movement?
Causes: Desire for increased efficiency. Effects: Consolidation of land, displacement of small farmers, increased yields.
What were the causes and effects of increased food production?
Causes: New technologies, crop rotation. Effects: Population boom, economic growth, urbanization.
What were the causes and effects of rural-urban migration?
Causes: Increased efficiency in farming, job opportunities in cities. Effects: Growth of urban centers, decline in rural populations.
What were the causes and effects of selective breeding?
Causes: Desire for more productive livestock. Effects: Improved livestock traits, increased meat and dairy production.
What were the causes and effects of using new crops like turnips and clover?
Causes: Need for crop rotation and soil fertility. Effects: Improved soil health, increased overall yields.
What are the causes and effects of increased agricultural specialization?
Causes: Desire for efficiency and profit. Effects: Higher yields of specific crops, dependence on market prices.
What are the causes and effects of agricultural policies and subsidies?
Causes: Government intervention to support farmers. Effects: Stabilized farm incomes, influenced crop production, affected global trade.
What are the causes and effects of environmental damage from new techniques?
Causes: Intensive farming, fertilizer use. Effects: Soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, pollution.
What are the causes and effects of improved tools such as the seed drill?
Causes: Technological innovation, desire for efficient planting. Effects: Faster planting, increased yields, reduced labor.
What are the causes and effects of global trade in agricultural products?
Causes: Surplus production, demand in other regions. Effects: Economic growth, increased food availability, altered farming practices.