Megacities are defined by population size (over 10 million), while metacities are defined by their global influence and economic power. Some cities can be both.

Suburbanization is the process of population growth in areas surrounding urban centers, while urban sprawl is the pattern of low-density, car-dependent development that often results from suburbanization.

Metropolitan areas have a population of 50,000 or more, while micropolitan areas have a population between 10,000 and 50,000. Metropolitan areas are larger and more economically diverse.

Causes: population growth, desire for larger homes, increased car ownership. Effects: urban sprawl, increased traffic, loss of farmland.

Causes: suburbanization, car-dependent lifestyles, low-density zoning. Effects: environmental degradation, increased infrastructure costs, social segregation.

Rural to urban migration, economic opportunities, better access to services, and increased job opportunities.

Increased pollution, resource depletion, habitat destruction, and higher energy consumption.

Drive innovation, attract foreign investment, facilitate international trade, and influence global financial markets.

Response to the negative impacts of industrialization and urbanization, such as overcrowding, pollution, and lack of green spaces.

Influence on the development of planned communities and suburbs, promotion of mixed land use and green spaces, and emphasis on community planning.

Urbanization, suburbanization, economic growth, and transportation improvements.

Increased economic activity, population density, infrastructure development, and social and cultural diversity.

Rural to urban migration, economic opportunities in smaller cities, and lifestyle preferences.

Increased economic activity, population growth, and community development in smaller urban centers.

Rural population migrates to urban areas, urban areas grow in size and density, infrastructure develops, and social and economic changes occur.