Glossary
Census
A systematic process of collecting demographic and housing data about a population, typically conducted by governments at regular intervals. It serves as a foundational source for planning, policy-making, and resource allocation.
Example:
Governments rely on the census to determine how many representatives each region gets in the legislature and where to build new schools or hospitals.
Field Studies
Research methods that involve observing and collecting data in person within a real-world setting. They are crucial for understanding the context and complexities of a place or issue.
Example:
A geographer conducting a field study might walk through a neighborhood, observing land use, interviewing local business owners, and noting pedestrian activity.
Maps
Visual representations of data used to show location, distribution, and spatial relationships. They can convey a wide range of information, from population density to land use patterns.
Example:
An urban planner might use a map to visualize areas with high population density and limited green space, identifying neighborhoods in need of new parks.
Qualitative Data
Descriptive data that cannot be measured numerically, used to understand experiences, perspectives, and feelings. It is often collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis.
Example:
Interviews with residents about their feelings of community safety and belonging provide qualitative data that complements crime statistics.
Quantitative Data
Data that can be measured and expressed numerically, used to describe trends and patterns. It is analyzed using statistical and mathematical techniques.
Example:
The number of new housing permits issued in a city last year is an example of quantitative data, providing a measurable insight into urban growth.
Racial/Residential Segregation
The spatial separation of different racial or ethnic groups into distinct neighborhoods or areas within a city. It often results from historical discrimination, economic disparities, and social factors, leading to unequal access to resources.
Example:
A city where one side of town is predominantly inhabited by one ethnic group, while another side is primarily home to a different group, illustrates residential segregation.
Urban Data
Information collected about cities, towns, and built-up areas, encompassing demographics, economics, housing, and infrastructure. It is used to understand urban trends, inform policies, and measure performance.
Example:
City planners might use urban data on traffic patterns and public transit ridership to design more efficient transportation networks.