Cities and Urban Land–Use

Urban realms model.

Multiple nuclei model.

Sector model.

Concentric zone model.

Interconnected mixed-use developments create a seamless transition between differing functional areas, eliminating clear distinction among them.

Decentralized clusters of specialized activities form around various nodes throughout the metropolis region.

A single dominant core persists while satellite nodes provide mainly residential support to the metropolitan area.

Sprawling, low-density industrial parks dominate the outskirts while the central zone maintains the majority of service-related functions.

It increases reliance on personal vehicles and can lead to greater traffic congestion.

Incorrect Assessment Practice Examination Response Tourism Infrastructure.

It has no significant impact on traffic patterns but increases air travel demand.

It promotes efficient public transportation use reducing overall traffic problems.

It denotes an increase in rural-to-urban migration.

It refers to the process where lower income areas are transformed by higher income residents.

It represents a decrease in urban population.

It refers to government imposed restrictions on urban development.

Isolation of residential districts from commercial zones to minimize noise pollution and traffic flow issues into neighborhoods.

Creation of shared public spaces designed around pedestrian activities and social interaction.

Development focused only on private properties without considering communal amenities or accessibility needs.

Designating vast areas exclusively for parking facilities adjacent to housing projects, prioritizing car ownership over walkability.

Multiple Nuclei Model

Sector Model

Griffin-Ford Model

Concentric Zone Theory

Fewer smaller shops survive in lower-order settlements due to reduced consumer reliance on proximity for goods.

All types of settlements experience equal economic decline as retail shifts away from brick-and-mortar stores.

Larger central places lose their importance as regional shopping destinations shift online.

The theory becomes irrelevant since physical distance from goods no longer influences buying habits.

Extreme climate conditions necessitate occupation-specific residential zoning leading to ethnic divisions.

Absence of employment opportunities forces certain groups into isolated sectors.

Cultural preferences for proximity among similar ethnic groups lead to voluntary clustering.

Government allocation of social welfare benefits based on district creates involuntary segregation.

De Bilj's Sub Saharan Africa Model

Hoyt's Sector Model

Burgess' Concentric Zone Model

Harris & Ulman's Multiple Nuclei Model

Public Services

All of the above

Consumer Services

Business Services