All Flashcards
Explain the use of the ablative absolute construction.
A phrase in the ablative case, grammatically independent of the main clause, providing background information or circumstance.
What is an indirect statement and how is it formed?
A statement reported indirectly, usually following a verb of saying, thinking, or knowing. It is formed with an accusative subject and an infinitive verb.
Explain the use of the subjunctive mood in purpose clauses.
The subjunctive mood is used in purpose clauses, which express the reason or goal for an action. They are typically introduced by 'ut' or 'ne'.
What is a gerundive of obligation and how is it used?
A verbal adjective expressing necessity or obligation, often used with a form of 'esse' to indicate what must be done.
Explain the difference between a relative clause of characteristic and a regular relative clause.
A relative clause of characteristic describes a general quality or type, using the subjunctive mood, while a regular relative clause provides specific information about a noun, using the indicative mood.
How is the dative of agent used?
The dative of agent is used with the passive periphrastic (gerundive of obligation) to indicate the person by whom the action must be done.
What is a result clause and how is it formed?
A clause expressing the result of an action, often introduced by words like 'ut' (that) or 'quin' (that not) and using the subjunctive mood.
Explain the use of the accusative of duration of time.
The accusative of duration of time indicates how long an action lasts, without using a preposition.
What is a conditional sentence and what are its parts?
A sentence expressing a condition and its consequence, consisting of a protasis (if clause) and an apodosis (then clause).
Explain the use of the genitive of description.
The genitive of description is used to describe a noun by indicating its qualities or characteristics.
What was the significance of the Druids in Gallic society?
They were religious leaders, judges, and educators, holding significant influence over moral and legal matters.
Why were Druids exempt from war and taxes?
To allow them to focus on their religious, judicial, and educational duties without the burdens of military service or financial obligations.
Why did the Druids not commit their teachings to writing?
To strengthen memory and maintain the exclusivity and sacredness of their knowledge.
What was the Gallic belief about the soul and its impact?
They believed souls were immortal and passed from one body to another, reducing the fear of death and encouraging bravery.
What role did human sacrifice play in Gallic religious practices?
It was a practice used during serious illnesses or dangers to appease the gods, believing a life must be given for a life.
Why were criminals preferred for sacrifices?
They were considered a more suitable offering, but innocents were used when necessary to fulfill the sacrificial requirement.
What does Caesar say about the power dynamics between nobles and commoners?
Nobles had absolute power over commoners, similar to masters over slaves, due to debt or oppression.
What was the significance of the annual gathering of Druids in Carnutes?
It served as a central location for education, discussion, and decision-making among the Druids.
What does Caesar say about the origin of Druidism?
Caesar notes that Druidism was believed to have originated in Britain, and students traveled there to study.
How did wealth and influence affect the Knights?
Wealth and influence determined the number of followers a knight had, increasing their military strength and power.
What is the meaning of 'Nobiles'?
Nobles; the ruling class in Gallic society.
What is the meaning of 'Plebes'?
Commoners; the lower class in Gallic society with little to no political power.
What is the meaning of 'Druides'?
Druids; religious leaders, judges, and educators in Gallic society.
What is the meaning of 'Equites'?
Knights; warriors and wealthy members of Gallic society.
Define 'vassals' in the context of Gallic society.
Commoners who become dependent on nobles due to debt, taxes, or oppression.
What does 'excommunication' mean in the context of the Druids' power?
Exclusion from religious rites and ceremonies, a significant punishment.
What is the meaning of 'supreme authority' in relation to the Druid leader?
The highest level of power and decision-making ability.
Define 'immortal' as it relates to the Druids' beliefs.
Living forever; in this context, the soul's continuous existence after death through reincarnation.
What is the meaning of 'appease the gods'?
To satisfy or pacify the gods, often through offerings or sacrifices.
What is the meaning of 'religious rites'?
Formal religious ceremonies or practices.