Vergil, Aeneid, Book 4

They endorse it by encouraging alliances through marriage.

They subvert it by prioritizing personal vendettas over communal duty.

They demonstrate it via fostering peace between nations.

They exemplify it through support for founding Rome.

Sprinkles liquid honey and sleep-inducing poppies among those asleep.

sprinkling wet honey and drowsy poppies onto sleeping figures.

He scatters damp honey and sedative flowers on those who slumber.

He sprinkles moist honey and quieting poppy seeds over them.

It highlights the conflict between Dido's love and Aeneas' fated duty to found a new city.

It suggests that mortal decisions can ultimately alter one's fate and defy the gods' will.

It illustrates the gods' indifference towards human emotions and struggles.

It emphasizes the triumph of love over duty, showing Dido's feelings as paramount.

Irony, highlighting the contrast between Dido's public stance and her private emotions.

Hyperbole, exaggerating elements of the story to underscore the intensity of Dido’s passion.

Personification, giving human characteristics to abstract concepts to emphasize Dido's internal struggle.

Metaphor, as it vividly compares Dido’s love for Aeneas to an incurable wound or a flame consuming her.

He juxtaposes Aeneas' sorrowful demeanor against Odysseus' joy at reunions to show varying responses to similar challenges faced by heroes.

He paralleles Aeneas’ piety with Odysseus’ loyalty, promoting adherence to family and country as universal virtues across cultures.

He contrasts Aeneas' sense of duty against Odysseus’ cunning nature, emphasizing pietas as a core Roman value above Greek heroism.

He mirrors Aeneas’ wanderings with those of Odysseus, showcasing epic quests as foundational elements for both Greek and Roman identities.

Acting as direct object

Expressing means or manner

Identifying subject

Marking possession

It highlights the inevitability of human suffering by comparing Dido's emotional burden with Atlas's physical one.

It illustrates the transformative power of love through Dido's connection to celestial events.

It underscores Aeneas’ heroism by likening his journey to Atlas' endurance.

It suggests that leadership is a divine privilege, akin to Atlas holding up the heavens.

Metrical changes underscore physical movements rather than psychological states within these scenes.

Departures serve as cues for choruses or other characters to respond within dialogue sections.

Variations mark transitions between scenes involving different characters' perspectives.

Deviations highlight her emotional turmoil through disrupted metrical expectations.

As illustrative cautionary tale against excessive passion resulting loss focus on collective good something emperor keenly discouraged favor stability order;

Analogous complex nature diplomatic negotiations carried out realms foreign domestic policy sometimes nurturing alliances required subterfuge deceit achieve desired outcomes benefit state large

Emblematic internal conflict experienced within sociopolitical sphere itself personification external threats potent enough disrupt burgeoning Pax Romana thus viewed protective force albeit misguided ones;

Symbolic representation challenges reconciliation local customs traditions newly imposed legal systems sought unify disparate regions under singular rule;

Caesurae allow for brief reflections upon the complex relationships and conflicts that play out in the tale.

The insertions of pauses generally signal the coming descriptions of landscapes and settings.

They're typically meant to indicate the presence of supernatural beings intervening in human affairs.

Placed strategically, they suggest impending actions that will alter the course of events.