Vergil, Aeneid, Book 1

Present Tense

Perfect Tense

Future Tense

Past Tense

It provides comic relief in intense moments of tension to lighten the mood for audiences.

It serves to foreshadow the difficulties ahead for the protagonist, while also linking back to their original home, thus reinforcing the theme of loss and new beginnings.

It establishes parallel narratives, separate from the ones running concurrently, to create a complex and intricate storyline.

It functions purely as a scare tactic to add unnecessary drama and distract from the overall narrative.

It conveys rapidity, reflecting hastiness within dire circumstances.

It signifies solidity, portraying resilience during moments hardship

It creates a musical rhythm that enhances memorability and optimism amidst adversity.

It indicates hesitation, mirroring uncertainty about future reminiscence.

To showcase Venus's bias against Carthage by only highlighting negative aspects.

To contrast Carthage with Troy, emphasizing its inferiority and foreshadowing conflict.

To portray Carthage as a prosperous city that parallels Rome’s greatness and destiny.

To create sympathy for Dido by depicting her realm as lonely and desolate.

Anaphora, the repetition of words or phrases, to highlight the struggle between freedom vs. oppression, a thematic in Lucretius' 'De Rerum Natura' observations on the human condition.

Alliteration to emphasis royal authority, found recurrently in Tacitus' annals of emperors' decree and execution of prisoners, to increase the gravitas of their rule.

Hyperbaton to reflect the chaotic upheaval inherent in Lucan's civil wars and portray rulers attempting to retain control amidst chaos.

Synecdoche to represent the entire realm subjugated by the power of a single word or gesture, common in Catullus' poetics addressing various aspects of Roman society.

He demonstrates that all gods in Roman myth are benevolent figures without personal agendas or emotions.

He illustrates how minor disagreements between gods can be solved quickly without impacting mortals.

He suggests that love and forgiveness are more powerful than vengeance in guiding characters’ actions throughout the epic.

He provides motivation for Juno’s antagonism towards Aeneas and foreshadows conflicts he will face.

It highlights his skilled navigation capabilities in overcoming obstacles placed by supernatural beings.

It hints at his eventual triumph and resilience despite the challenges posed by deities.

It paints a picture of Aeneas's adventurous spirit, enjoying the thrills of travel to various lands and seas.

It portrays him as a victim of higher powers, resulting in prolonged suffering across land and sea.

Posing 'Can heroes find no peace after war?' implies a primary concern with the narrative resolution of conflicts and the aftermath of battle.

Questioning 'Will the day come when duty triumphs over love affair?' challenges traditional values, pitting personal desire against public responsibility and setting the stage for internal and external debates that occur within the characters as the story unfolds.

Wondering 'Are there limits to the seas man must sail?' questions the vastness of the journeys he undertakes as part of his destined path set by the gods above him, the vitality of his quest, and the challenges he faces.

Asking 'Do goddesses feel anger so great?' establishes a recurring exploration of the pain caused by divine emotions in humans' lives.

It presents him as omnipotent, diminishing the suspense about his journey’s outcome.

It highlights his detachment from the Trojan War, minimizing his leadership role.

It immediately establishes him as a hero facing adversity, creating empathy and interest.

It portrays him as an unreliable narrator, casting doubt on his version of events.

Iambic pentameter

Trochaic tetrameter

Anapestic trimeter

Dactylic hexameter