Caesar, Gallic War, Book 5, Part II, Book 6, and Book 7

To negotiate a peace treaty with Caesar.

To consolidate power within his own tribe.

To incite a widespread rebellion against the Romans by rallying other tribes.

To seek refuge in a more defensible location.

The Nervii.

The Aduatuci.

The Remi.

The Treveri.

He offered them financial incentives.

He exaggerated Roman losses and promised liberation from Roman injustices.

He threatened them with military force if they did not comply.

He promised them Roman citizenship after the rebellion.

A disorganized retreat.

A swift counterattack.

A determined defense.

A call for immediate surrender.

A series of trenches filled with water.

120 towers using collected timber.

A network of underground tunnels for escape.

A large catapult to launch projectiles.

By delegating all responsibilities to his subordinates.

By sending messengers to negotiate a truce with Ambiorix.

By working tirelessly despite being ill and inspiring his soldiers.

By hoarding resources for himself and his inner circle.

A direct frontal assault.

A surprise attack before news of Titurius's death reached Cicero.

A feigned retreat to lure the Romans out of their fortifications.

A siege using heavy artillery.

The Romans relied on speed and mobility, while the Gauls focused on fortifications.

The Romans focused on coordinated, multi-tribal assaults, while the Gauls emphasized individual combat.

The Romans used fortifications and resourcefulness while the Gauls relied on speed and the belief that victory would secure their freedom.

The Romans preferred open-field battles, while the Gauls favored ambushes.

The Roman tactics were ineffective, leading to a swift Gallic victory.

The Gallic tactics were ineffective due to the superior Roman training.

Both sides experienced successes and setbacks, leading to a prolonged and intense siege.

Both sides avoided direct confrontation, resulting in a stalemate.

It had no strategic importance for either side.

For the Romans, it was a minor inconvenience; for the Gauls, it was a chance to gain valuable resources.

For the Romans, it was a test of their defensive capabilities; for the Gauls, it was a chance to cripple Roman power in the region.

For the Romans, it was an opportunity to launch a counterattack; for the Gauls, it was a way to negotiate better terms.