Caesar, Gallic War, Book 5, Part II, Book 6, and Book 7

They were fast and maneuverable

They were strongly built with flat bottoms

They had multiple levels for archers

They were fitted with leather hulls

It indicates that the characters are speaking rather than acting.

It signifies a change in narrative pace.

It adds weight and emphasis to the words.

It suggests an upcoming transition in subject matter.

The contrasting accounts would likely be seen as a clear-eyed realist exposing the underbelly of politics and revealing the truth behind the veneer of respectability.

Some readers might view the writers as equally cynical, merely echoing popular sentiments of the era without detaching themselves for any serious critique.

Liv y's work could be perceived as enablers of the status quo, trivializing the issues rather than offering meaningful commentary.

Sallust appeared as an idealist in contrast, upholding traditional values despite evidence of widespread ethical decline.

Decisive and authoritative

Tyrannical and oppressive

Democratic and consultative

Indecisive and hesitant

He exercises his military command without seeking prior senatorial approval.

He conducts a triumph upon returning from battle.

He offers citizenship to conquered peoples for their loyalty.

He consults with local chieftains to establish alliances.

Describe Gallic culture in detail

Introduce new characters into the narrative

Highlight Roman military strategies

Illustrate consequences for insubordination

Lack of emotional appeal fails to engage and connect emotionally, ultimately weakening the argumentative power of the prose.

Heavy reliance on factual information overwhelms and dulls the narrative, failing to leave a lasting impression on readers.

Overt and blatant calls to action detract from believability and diminish the strength of the claims put forward by the storyteller.

Subtle and nuanced approaches employed contribute to building credibility and ethos for both the narrator and the subject matter, which lie at the heart of the text.

Displaying personal courage and direct involvement in battle.

Avoiding direct conflict whenever possible through negotiations.

Relying on omens and prophecies to make decisions.

Seeking advice from subordinate officers democratically.

Chiasmus

Anaphora

Metonymy

Synecdoche

Unlike Caesar, Cicero rarely uses passive voice, preferring active constructions to engage his audience more directly.

Both authors use passive voice predominantly to distance themselves from the actions described.

Caesar uses passive voice to emphasize the actions taken upon subjects, while Cicero uses it to highlight the lack of agency.

Caesar avoids passive constructions unlike Cicero who employs them for dramatic effect.