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Implicit Differentiation

David Brown

David Brown

7 min read

Study Guide Overview

This guide covers implicit functions and implicit differentiation. It explains how to differentiate equations involving both x and y using the chain rule, product rule, and quotient rule. It includes examples of finding derivatives at specific points and differentiating inverse functions implicitly. Practice questions and a glossary are also provided.

Derivatives of Implicit Functions

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction to Implicit Functions
  2. Implicit Differentiation
  3. Examples and Applications
  4. Differentiating Inverse Functions
  5. Practice Questions
  6. Glossary
  7. Summary and Key Takeaways

Introduction to Implicit Functions

What is an Implicit Function?

  • An equation in the form y=f(x)y=f(x) or x=f(y)x=f(y) is written explicitly.
Exam Tip

E.g. y=3x2+2x3y=3x^2 + 2x - 3

  • Equations involving both xx and yy are referred to as implicit functions.
Exam Tip

E.g. 3x^2 - 7xy^2 = 3 or x2+y2=25x^2 + y^2 = 25

  • For such equations, we cannot express yy solely in terms of xx or vice versa.
  • However, these equations define a relationship between xx and yy.

Implicit Differentiation

What is Implicit Differentiation?

  • Implicit differentiation is the method used to differentiate implicit functions.
  • To differentiate an implicit function with respect to xx, each term is differentiated with respect to xx.
  • For terms involving only xx, this is straightforward.
  • For terms involving yy, we apply the chain rule.
Key Concept

ddxf(y)=f(y)dydx\frac{d}{dx}f(y) = f'(y) \cdot \frac{dy}{dx} This means:

  • Differentiate the function in terms of yy with respect to yy.
  • Multiply it by dydx\frac{dy}{dx}.
  • Once each term has been differentiated, rearrange the equation to solve for dydx\frac{dy}{dx}.
  • Factorize out dydx\frac{dy}{dx} if necessary.
  • Substitute specific (x,y)(x, y) values to find the derivative at a point if required.

How to Use Implicit Differentiation?

Example

Differentiate $x^2 + y^2 =...

Question 1 of 8

Which of the following equations represents an implicit function? 🤔

y=5x32x+1y = 5x^3 - 2x + 1

x=2y2+3y4x = 2y^2 + 3y - 4

x2+y2=16x^2 + y^2 = 16

f(x)=4x7f(x) = 4x - 7