Production, Cost, and the Perfect Competition Model
What is the additional output resulting from employing one more unit of labor, while holding other inputs constant?
Total Product (TP)
Marginal Product (MP)
Average Product (AP)
Fixed Cost (FC)
A firm increases its labor input from 10 to 11 workers, while holding capital constant. As a result, its output increases from 100 to 108 units. What is the marginal product of the 11th worker?
8 units
100 units
108 units
18 units
A company initially produces 50 widgets using 5 workers. They then hire additional workers. The table below shows total widgets produced with each additional worker. At what number of workers does this firm experience diminishing marginal returns?
| Workers | Total Widgets Produced | |---------|-----------------------...
6 workers
7 workers
8 workers
9 workers
Which of the following describes a situation where a firm doubles its inputs and its output also doubles?
Increasing returns to scale
Decreasing returns to scale
Constant returns to scale
Diminishing marginal returns
A firm increases all of its inputs by 20%, and its output increases by 10%. What type of returns to scale is the firm experiencing?
Increasing returns to scale
Constant returns to scale
Decreasing returns to scale
Negative returns to scale
Which of the following costs do NOT vary with the quantity of output produced in the short run?
Variable Costs (VC)
Fixed Costs (FC)
Total Costs (TC)
Marginal Costs (MC)
A firm has fixed costs of 500 and variable costs of
1000 when producing 100 units of output. What is the average total cost (ATC)?
$5
$10
$15
$20

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Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between Marginal Cost (MC) and Average Total Cost (ATC)?
MC intersects ATC at ATC's maximum point.
When MC is above ATC, ATC is decreasing.
When MC is below ATC, ATC is decreasing.
MC is always equal to ATC.
What happens to the Long-Run Average Total Cost (LRATC) curve when a firm experiences economies of scale?
LRATC increases as output increases.
LRATC decreases as output increases.
LRATC remains constant as output increases.
LRATC initially increases, then decreases.
Which of the following factors is most likely to cause diseconomies of scale?
Specialization of labor
Bulk purchasing discounts
Improved management coordination
Increased management challenges