All Flashcards
What interval should be avoided between outer voices?
Augmented and diminished intervals, especially tritones.
What is the primary function of the leading tone?
To resolve upward by step, especially in an outer voice.
What should you avoid between voices, especially in minor keys with raised sevenths?
Cross-relations: chromatic alterations between voices.
What is the best practice for melodic motion?
Voices should move mostly by step, avoiding large leaps.
What should you do with common tones between chords?
Keep common tones in the same voice when moving between chords.
What is the correct order of voices in four-part writing?
Maintain Soprano-Alto-Tenor-Bass (SATB) order to avoid voice crossing.
What intervals should be avoided in parallel motion?
Avoid parallel fifths and octaves.
What is the best practice for doubling notes in triads?
Double the root whenever voice leading allows.
What note should always be doubled in 6/4 chords?
Always double the bass in 6/4 chords.
How should chordal sevenths be approached?
By step or common tone.
How should chordal sevenths typically resolve?
Downward by step.
Why avoid parallel fifths and octaves?
They create a harmonically weak and undesirable sound in CPP voice leading.
What is the best practice for melodic intervals?
Use major and minor seconds, thirds, perfect fourths, and perfect fifths melodically. Avoid augmented, diminished intervals, and leaps larger than a perfect fifth.
How should the leading tone resolve?
Resolve the leading tone in an outer voice (soprano or bass) up by step.
What kind of motion is preferred?
Balance upward and downward motion with steps and leaps. Stepwise motion is preferred.
What is the recommendation for leaps in the bass line?
Use thirds, perfect fourths, fifths, sixths, and octaves. Octave leaps should change direction. Successive leaps can outline a triad.
What should you avoid between outer voices?
Avoid augmented and diminished intervals, especially tritones, between outer voices.
What should you avoid between voices?
Avoid chromatic alterations between voices, especially in minor keys with raised sevenths (cross-relations).
What is the rule for doubling triads?
Whenever voice leading allows, double the root of a triad.
When can you omit the fifth in a chord?
If you omit the fifth in a root-position seventh chord, double the root.
What is the doubling rule for 6/4 chords?
Always double the bass in 6/4 chords.
How should chordal sevenths be approached?
Chordal sevenths should be approached by step or common tone.
How should chordal sevenths resolve?
Chordal sevenths should resolve down by step, unless suspended or in a I-V4/3-I6 progression.
What is the function of the tonic?
The tonic is the home key—stable and resolving.
What is the function of the dominant?
Chords with a dominant function create tension and lead back to the tonic. The V and vii chords have dominant function.
What scale degree wants to resolve to scale degree 1?
Scale degree 5
What chord progression is a Half Cadence (HC)?
Any progression that ends on V.
What chord progression is a Deceptive Cadence (DC)?
V to a non-tonic chord (often vi/VI or IV/iv).
What chord progression is a Plagal Cadence (PC)?
IV/iv to I.
What chord progression is an Authentic Cadence (AC)?
V (or vii) resolves to I.
What are the characteristics of a Perfect Authentic Cadence (PAC)?
Both V and I are in root position, and the soprano ends on scale degree 1.
What are the characteristics of an Imperfect Authentic Cadence (IAC)?
Either V or I is inverted, or the soprano ends on a non-tonic pitch.
What are the two main functions of leading-tone seventh chords?
Substitute for V or V7 as part of the dominant, or placed between tonic chords to prolong the tonic with stepwise voice leading.