All Flashcards
What is the function of the tonic?
The tonic is the home key—stable and resolving.
What is the function of the dominant?
Chords with a dominant function create tension and lead back to the tonic. The V and vii chords have dominant function.
What scale degree wants to resolve to scale degree 1?
Scale degree 5
What chord progression is a Half Cadence (HC)?
Any progression that ends on V.
What chord progression is a Deceptive Cadence (DC)?
V to a non-tonic chord (often vi/VI or IV/iv).
What chord progression is a Plagal Cadence (PC)?
IV/iv to I.
What chord progression is an Authentic Cadence (AC)?
V (or vii) resolves to I.
What are the characteristics of a Perfect Authentic Cadence (PAC)?
Both V and I are in root position, and the soprano ends on scale degree 1.
What are the characteristics of an Imperfect Authentic Cadence (IAC)?
Either V or I is inverted, or the soprano ends on a non-tonic pitch.
What are the two main functions of leading-tone seventh chords?
Substitute for V or V7 as part of the dominant, or placed between tonic chords to prolong the tonic with stepwise voice leading.
What is voice leading?
How individual voices move from chord to chord, creating smooth transitions.
Define parallel motion.
Voices move in the same direction by the same interval.
Define similar motion.
Voices move in the same direction but by different intervals.
Define oblique motion.
One voice stays put while the other moves.
Define contrary motion.
Voices move in opposite directions.
What is SATB?
Soprano, Alto, Tenor, and Bass - the four main vocal parts in choral music.
What is a half cadence?
A cadence that ends on a V chord, creating an unresolved feeling.
What is a deceptive cadence?
A cadence where the V chord moves to a non-tonic chord (often vi/VI), creating a surprise.
What is a plagal cadence?
A cadence that moves from IV/iv to I, a strong resolution often called the 'amen' cadence.
What is an authentic cadence?
A cadence where V (or vii) resolves to I.
What is a PAC?
Perfect Authentic Cadence: Both V and I are in root position, and the soprano ends on scale degree 1.
What is an IAC?
Imperfect Authentic Cadence: Either V or I is inverted, or the soprano ends on a non-tonic pitch.
What is the function of the tonic chord?
Provides stability and resolution; it's the 'home' key.
What is the function of the dominant chord?
Creates tension and leads back to the tonic.
What chords typically have a dominant function?
V and vii chords.
What scale degree wants to resolve to scale degree 1?
Scale degree 5.
What is the roman numeral analysis of a Perfect Authentic Cadence (PAC)?
V-I, both in root position, soprano ends on scale degree 1.
What is the roman numeral analysis of a Half Cadence (HC)?
Typically ends on V.
What is the roman numeral analysis of a Plagal Cadence (PC)?
IV-I.
What is the roman numeral analysis of a Deceptive Cadence (DC)?
V-vi (or V-VI in major).
In a root position dominant seventh chord, which note can be omitted?
The fifth.
What is the function of leading-tone seventh chords?
Substitute for V or V7; prolong tonic with stepwise voice leading.