All Flashcards
Define stepwise motion.
Movement between two adjacent notes in a musical scale.
What is a leading-tone seventh chord?
A seventh chord built on the leading tone of a scale, functioning as a dominant substitute.
Define tonic prolongation.
The extension of the tonic chord's presence through other chords, often with stepwise voice leading.
What is a cadence?
A harmonic and melodic progression that creates a sense of closure.
Define authentic cadence.
A cadence consisting of a V-I (or vii°-I) progression, creating a strong sense of resolution.
What is a half cadence?
A cadence ending on the V chord, creating a pause rather than a full stop.
Define deceptive cadence.
A cadence progressing from V-vi, creating a surprise and prolonging tension.
What is a plagal cadence?
A cadence progressing from IV-I, providing a weaker resolution.
Define voice crossing.
When two voices exchange their positions, such as the alto singing higher than the soprano.
What is parallel motion?
When two voices move in the same direction by the same interval.
What is the function of a I-ⅶ6/5-I progression?
Tonic prolongation with smooth voice exchange.
What is the typical harmonic function of a half cadence?
Creates a pause, not a full stop, ending on the V chord.
What harmonic function does a deceptive cadence serve?
Tricks the ear, prolongs tension, V-vi.
What harmonic function does a plagal cadence have?
Weaker resolution, like a gentle amen, IV-I.
What is the function of a ⅶ°7 chord?
Dominant substitute or tonic prolongation.
What is the function of a ⅶø7 chord?
Dominant substitute or tonic prolongation.
In what position is ⅶ°7 usually used in a ⅶ°7-I cadence?
Root position.
What is the best practice when writing a ii7 chord in first inversion?
Ensure all chord tones are present