All Flashcards
Define stepwise motion.
Movement between two adjacent notes in a musical scale.
What is a leading-tone seventh chord?
A seventh chord built on the leading tone of a scale (ⅶ°7 or ⅶø7).
Define tonic prolongation.
The extension of the tonic chord's presence through other chords while maintaining a sense of tonic.
What is a cadence?
A harmonic or melodic configuration that creates a sense of resolution or closure.
Define authentic cadence.
A cadence consisting of a V-I (or V7-I) progression, providing a strong sense of resolution.
Define half cadence.
A cadence that ends on the V chord, creating a pause or incomplete feeling.
Define deceptive cadence.
A cadence that progresses from V to vi (or another unexpected chord), creating a sense of surprise.
Define plagal cadence.
A cadence that progresses from IV to I, often described as a gentle or 'amen' cadence.
Define voice crossing.
When two voices exchange their positions on the staff, violating the proper SATB order.
Define parallel fifths.
The movement of two voices from one perfect fifth to another perfect fifth.
Define parallel octaves.
The movement of two voices from one perfect octave to another perfect octave.
What is the general rule for voice leading with seventh chords in inversions?
Aim for stepwise motion when entering and exiting these chords.
When can you omit a chord tone in a seventh chord?
Only in root position, and usually the 5th.
What chord tones should NEVER be omitted in inverted seventh chords?
No chord tones should be omitted.
How should chordal sevenths resolve?
Down by step.
How should the leading tone resolve in outer voices?
Up by step.
What is the best way to approach a chordal seventh?
By common tone or step.
What intervals should be avoided in melodic lines?
Augmented or diminished intervals.
What is the standard order of voices in four-part writing?
Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass (SATB).
What should you do with common tones between chords?
Keep them in the same voice when possible.
What is the most common tone to double in a triad?
The root.
What is the function of a I-ⅶ6/5-I progression?
Tonic prolongation with smooth voice exchange.
What is the typical harmonic function of a half cadence?
Creates a pause, not a full stop, ending on the V chord.
What harmonic function does a deceptive cadence serve?
Tricks the ear, prolongs tension, V-vi.
What harmonic function does a plagal cadence have?
Weaker resolution, like a gentle amen, IV-I.