Chord Progressions and Predominant Function

To resolve the tension created by the dominant chord.

To lead to the dominant chord, preparing for its arrival.

To act as a substitute for the tonic chord.

To create a static harmonic environment.

The ii/ii° chord typically precedes the IV/iv chord to create a smoother transition to the dominant.

The IV/iv chord typically precedes the ii/ii° chord to expand the predominant section.

The IV/iv and ii/ii° chords are interchangeable and can be used in any order.

The ii/ii° chord always resolves directly to the tonic chord.

The predominant chord is I, creating a strong harmonic movement towards IV.

The predominant chord is V, creating a strong harmonic movement towards I.

The predominant chord is IV, creating a harmonic movement towards the dominant V.

There is no predominant chord in this progression.

I

ii

IV

V

It is a perfect fifth above the tonic.

It is a perfect fourth below the tonic.

It is a perfect fifth below the tonic, following the circle of fifths.

It is a half step above the tonic.

ii

ii°

IV

iv

A stronger substitute for the IV chord.

The primary dominant chord.

A weaker substitute for the IV chord, adding harmonic interest.

A chord with no specific function.

IV

V

ii°

vi

Voice leading should generally move in parallel motion to the bass.

Voice leading should generally move in similar motion to the bass.

Voice leading should generally move in contrary motion to the bass.

Voice leading should remain static in the predominant section.

Keep the voices as they are, as parallel fifths are acceptable in this context.

Invert the IV chord to change the bass note.

Alter the soprano voice to move in contrary motion to the bass.

Omit the fifth of the IV chord.