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Compare and contrast static and kinetic friction.
Static Friction: Acts on stationary objects, prevents motion, adjustable up to a maximum value. | Kinetic Friction: Acts on moving objects, opposes motion, constant value.
What are the key differences between and ?
: Coefficient of static friction, applies to objects at rest, usually greater than . | : Coefficient of kinetic friction, applies to objects in motion, usually less than .
Compare the force of static friction to the applied force before movement occurs.
Static Friction: Equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the applied force, up to the maximum static friction force. | Applied Force: The external force attempting to initiate movement.
Compare the force of kinetic friction to the applied force when an object is moving at a constant velocity.
Kinetic Friction: Equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the net applied force. | Applied Force: The external force that, in combination with kinetic friction, results in zero net force and constant velocity.
Compare the effect of surface area on static vs kinetic friction.
Static Friction: Magnitude is independent of the contact area between the surfaces. | Kinetic Friction: Magnitude is independent of the contact area between the surfaces.
Define kinetic friction.
The force that opposes the motion of two surfaces sliding against each other.
Define static friction.
The force that opposes the start of motion between two surfaces in contact.
Define the coefficient of kinetic friction ().
A dimensionless quantity representing the 'roughness' between two surfaces in kinetic friction. It relates the kinetic friction force to the normal force.
Define the coefficient of static friction ().
A dimensionless quantity representing the 'stickiness' between two surfaces in static friction. It relates the maximum static friction force to the normal force.
Define normal force ().
The force exerted by a surface that is supporting the weight of an object. It acts perpendicular to the surface.
How do you calculate kinetic friction ()?
, where is the coefficient of kinetic friction and is the normal force.
How do you calculate the maximum static friction force ()?
, where is the coefficient of static friction and is the normal force.
What is the process to determine if an object will move when a force is applied, considering static friction?
- Calculate the maximum static friction force (). 2. Compare the applied force () with the maximum static friction. 3. If , the object will move; otherwise, it remains at rest.
What are the steps to solve a problem involving kinetic friction on a horizontal surface?
- Draw a free-body diagram. 2. Determine the normal force (). 3. Calculate the kinetic friction force (). 4. Apply Newton's Second Law to find the net force and acceleration.
What are the steps to solve a problem involving static friction on a horizontal surface?
- Draw a free-body diagram. 2. Determine the normal force (). 3. Calculate the maximum static friction force (). 4. Compare the applied force with the maximum static friction force to determine if the object moves.