Oscillations
A pendulum's motion is affected by air resistance, causing it to gradually slow down. How would you analyze a graph of potential energy vs. displacement to determine the energy lost due to friction?
The total energy remains constant, so there is no energy loss.
Compare the potential energy at the highest point of the swing over time; the difference indicates energy loss.
The kinetic energy at the lowest point remains constant.
Analyze the period of oscillation; changes indicate energy loss.
What fundamental principle ensures that the total mechanical energy in Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) remains constant in the absence of external forces?
Newton's First Law
The principle of energy conservation
Hooke's Law
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
In a simple harmonic oscillator, at what point in the oscillation does the mass have its maximum kinetic energy?
At the point of maximum displacement.
At the equilibrium position.
When the potential energy is at its maximum.
When the acceleration is at its maximum.
A block oscillates on a spring. Over one complete cycle, some energy is lost to friction. How is the block's maximum kinetic energy related to the spring constant () and amplitude (), and how would you calculate the energy lost to friction?
K_{max} = rac{1}{2}kA^2; energy lost is zero because energy is conserved.
K_{max} < rac{1}{2}kA^2; energy lost is the difference between initial potential energy and final kinetic energy after one cycle.
K_{max} = rac{1}{2}kA^2; energy lost equals .
K_{max} > rac{1}{2}kA^2; energy lost is the additional kinetic energy gained.
Consider a damped harmonic oscillator where the damping force is proportional to the velocity of the oscillator. How would you express the total energy of the system, considering the effect of the damping force?
A spring with a spring constant of 100 N/m is stretched by 0.2 m. What is the maximum potential energy stored in the spring?
2 J
4 J
5 J
10 J
A mass-spring system's amplitude is doubled. How do the maximum potential energy and total energy change, and what is the mathematical relationship?
Potential energy and total energy double.
Potential energy and total energy halve.
Potential energy and total energy quadruple.
Potential energy and total energy remain the same.

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In a simple harmonic oscillator, at which point is the potential energy typically at its minimum?
At the point of maximum displacement from equilibrium.
At the equilibrium position.
When the velocity is at its minimum.
Potential energy is always constant in SHM.
A simple harmonic oscillator has a kinetic energy of 5 J and a potential energy of 3 J at a certain point in its oscillation. What is the total energy of the oscillator?
2 J
8 J
15 J
4 J
A mass-spring system oscillates with a total energy of 10 J. At a certain point, its potential energy is 6 J. Assuming no external forces, what is the kinetic energy of the system at that point?
4 J
6 J
10 J
16 J