#Change in Momentum and Impulse: Your Ultimate Guide 🚀

Hey there, future physics ace! Let's dive into the world of momentum and impulse, two concepts that are absolutely key for your AP Physics 1 exam. Think of this as your go-to guide for the night before the test – clear, concise, and packed with everything you need to feel confident.

#Impulse Delivery: Force, Time, and Motion

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• The net external force acting on an object or system dictates how quickly its momentum changes. 💡
• Formula: $$F_{net} = \frac{\Delta p}{\Delta t}$$
• A larger net force means a faster change in momentum, and vice versa.

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• Impulse is the result of the average force applied over a specific time interval.
• Formula: $$J = F_{avg} \Delta t$$
• You can get a large impulse with either a big force over a short time or a small force over a long time.
  • Examples:
    • Tennis racket hitting a ball: large force, short time
    • Spacecraft engines firing: small force, long time

#Impulse Direction

• Impulse is a vector (it has both magnitude and direction).
• Its direction is the same as the net force applied.
• If there are multiple forces, the net force determines the impulse direction.

#Force-Time Graph Area

• The area under a force-time graph equals the impulse delivered.
• This area can be a rectangle, triangle, or any shape – it's always the total impulse.

#Momentum-Time Graph Slope

• The slope of a momentum-time graph at any point is the net external force at that instant....