All Flashcards
What are the differences between open and closed systems?
Open System: Allows exchange of both matter and energy with surroundings. | Closed System: Allows exchange of energy but not matter with surroundings.
What are the differences between Kinetic and Potential Energy?
Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion. | Potential Energy: Energy of position or configuration.
What are the differences between Gravitational Potential Energy and Elastic Potential Energy?
Gravitational Potential Energy: Energy due to height above a reference point. | Elastic Potential Energy: Energy stored in a spring or elastic material.
What are the differences between Work and Power?
Work: Transfer of energy by a force acting over a distance. | Power: Rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.
What is the definition of Work?
Work is when a force moves an object over a distance. It is a scalar quantity measured in Joules (J).
What is the definition of Energy?
Energy is the capacity to do work. It comes in many forms: kinetic, potential, thermal, etc.
What is the definition of Kinetic Energy?
Kinetic Energy (K) is the energy of motion.
What is the definition of Gravitational Potential Energy?
Gravitational Potential Energy (Ug) is the energy due to height above a reference point.
What is the definition of Elastic Potential Energy?
Elastic Potential Energy (Usp) is the energy stored in a spring or elastic material.
What is the definition of Power?
Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.
What is an open system?
An open system allows both matter and energy to be exchanged with its surroundings.
What is a closed system?
A closed system allows energy exchange but not matter exchange with its surroundings.
What is mechanical energy?
Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic and potential energy in a system.
How do you calculate Work?
W = Fd, where W is work (in Joules, J), F is the force (in Newtons, N), and d is the distance (in meters, m).
How do you calculate Kinetic Energy?
K = (1/2)mv^2, where K is kinetic energy (in Joules, J), m is mass (in kilograms, kg), and v is velocity (in meters per second, m/s).
How do you calculate Gravitational Potential Energy?
Ug = mgh, where Ug is gravitational potential energy (in Joules, J), m is mass (in kilograms, kg), g is acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s² on Earth), and h is height (in meters, m).
How do you calculate Elastic Potential Energy?
U_{sp} = (1/2)kx^2, where Usp is elastic potential energy (in Joules, J), k is the spring constant (in N/m), and x is the displacement from equilibrium (in meters, m).
How do you calculate Power?
P = W/t or P = \Delta K/t, where P is power (in Watts, W), W is work (in Joules, J), \Delta K is the change in kinetic energy (in Joules, J), and t is time (in seconds, s).