Circular Motion and Gravitation
What mass is determined by calculating the force needed to accelerate an object?
gravitational mass
inertial mass
both inertial and gravitational mass
none of the above
How does gravitational mass differ from inertial mass?
Gravitational mass refers to weight, while inertial mass refers to the amount of matter within an object.
Gravitational and inertial masses are identical concepts represented with different units.
Gravitational mass measures how much an object is affected by gravity, while inertial mass measures resistance to acceleration.
Inertial mass increases with speed, whereas gravitational mass remains constant regardless of speed.
Which of the following quantities is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in its state of motion?
Momentum
Acceleration
Gravitational force
Inertia
A stationary skateboard begins moving when a person jumps off it backward; what conservation principle does this illustrate?
Correct spelling
Incorrect spelling
Conservation of Momentum.
Incorrect spelling
If two objects have different weights but accelerate equally when falling freely under gravity, what can be inferred about their masses?
Their gravitational masses are zero.
There is no air resistance present during their fall.
They occupy identical volumes of space.
Their inertial masses are equal.
What unit is typically used for both inertial and gravitational masses in physics?
Meter (m)
Newton (N)
Pound (lb)
Kilogram (kg)
What happens to the mechanical (total) energy of a system when no nonconservative forces are doing work on or within that system?
It fluctuates unpredictably
It remains constant
It decreases gradually
It increases gradually

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Which principle explains why an astronaut inside a space station not near any massive body would remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted on by another force?
Newton's First Law of Motion
Newton's Third Law of Motion
The Principle of Relativity
Newton's Second Law of Motion
If an experiment conducted in a spaceship far from any massive bodies measures the inertial and gravitational mass of an object, why might the values differ from those predicted by classical physics?
Because inertial mass increases with velocity according to Newton's second law.
Because of measurement errors inherent to space-based experiments.
Due to relativistic effects at extreme distances from massive bodies.
Owing to variations in the gravitational constant with distance from Earth.
If two identical spheres are dropped from the same height in a vacuum, one made of lead and the other of aluminum, and an observer measures their free-fall time to determine whether inertial or gravitational mass affects acceleration due to gravity, what would the outcome indicate about these masses?
The lead sphere will fall faster, indicating a greater gravitational mass increases acceleration due to gravity.
The aluminum sphere will fall slower, suggesting that less inertial mass decreases acceleration due to gravity.
The free-fall times will be identical, indicating that acceleration due to gravity is independent of inertial or gravitational mass.
Both spheres will oscillate differently during descent, showing variable resistance based on material density.