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  2. AP Physics 2 Revised
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How do you calculate electric potential due to multiple charges?

Use scalar superposition: sum the individual potentials from each charge: V=14πε0∑iqiriV=\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_{0}} \sum_{i} \frac{q_{i}}{r_{i}}V=4πε0​1​i∑​ri​qi​​.

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How do you calculate electric potential due to multiple charges?

Use scalar superposition: sum the individual potentials from each charge: V=14πε0∑iqiriV=\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_{0}} \sum_{i} \frac{q_{i}}{r_{i}}V=4πε0​1​i∑​ri​qi​​.

How do batteries create an electric potential difference?

Chemical processes in batteries create charge separation, resulting in electric potential differences.

What happens when conductors touch regarding electric potential?

Electrons move until they reach the same electric potential.

What is the effect of charge separation in a battery?

It creates an electric potential difference.

What happens when equipotential lines are closer together?

The electric field is stronger.

What happens when a positive charge moves from high to low potential?

It loses electric potential energy.

What is the difference between electric potential and electric field?

Electric Potential: Scalar, like height. | Electric Field: Vector, like the slope of that height.