All Flashcards
What is equivalent resistance ()?
The total resistance of a group of resistors, treated as a single resistor to simplify circuit analysis.
What is the electromotive force (emf, ) of a battery?
The potential difference across the terminals of a battery when no current is flowing; the ideal voltage of the battery.
Define an ideal battery.
A battery that provides a constant voltage regardless of the current and has zero internal resistance.
Define an ideal ammeter.
An ammeter with zero resistance, so it doesn't affect the current it measures.
Define an ideal voltmeter.
A voltmeter with infinite resistance, so it doesn't draw any current from the circuit.
What is internal resistance (r) in a battery?
The resistance within a real battery that impacts the voltage it delivers, causing the terminal voltage to be less than the emf when current flows.
What is the effect of adding more resistors in parallel to a circuit?
It decreases the overall equivalent resistance.
What is the effect of internal resistance on a battery's terminal voltage?
It reduces the terminal voltage when current is flowing.
What happens if an ammeter with internal resistance is used in a circuit?
The measured current will be lower than the actual current.
What happens if a voltmeter with finite resistance is used in a circuit?
The measured voltage will be lower than the actual voltage.
What are the key differences between series and parallel resistor connections?
Series: Single path for current, current is the same through each resistor, resistances add directly. | Parallel: Multiple paths for current, voltage is the same across each resistor, reciprocal sum for equivalent resistance.
What are the differences between ideal and non-ideal batteries?
Ideal: Constant voltage, zero internal resistance. | Non-Ideal: Voltage drops with current, has internal resistance.
What are the differences between ideal and non-ideal ammeters?
Ideal: Zero resistance, no impact on circuit. | Non-Ideal: Small resistance, decreases measured current.
What are the differences between ideal and non-ideal voltmeters?
Ideal: Infinite resistance, no current draw. | Non-Ideal: Finite resistance, draws some current, affecting voltage measurement.