Modern Physics

To increase the atomic number of the nucleus.

To release energy and particles, transforming unstable nuclei into more stable ones.

To create new elements with higher mass numbers.

To absorb energy from the surroundings.

A single proton.

A single neutron.

A helium nucleus.

A hydrogen nucleus.

Negative charge, same mass as a proton.

Positive charge, much greater mass than an electron.

Positive charge, same mass as an electron.

Neutral charge, negligible mass.

Neutrinos have a positive charge, while antineutrinos have a negative charge.

Neutrinos are emitted in beta-minus decay, while antineutrinos are emitted in beta-plus decay.

Neutrinos are emitted in beta-plus decay, while antineutrinos are emitted in beta-minus decay.

Neutrinos have a significantly larger mass than antineutrinos.

$^{222}_{86}Rn$

$^{226}_{87}Fr$

$^{230}_{90}Th$

$^{222}_{87}Fr$

Atomic number increases by 2, mass number increases by 4.

Atomic number decreases by 2, mass number decreases by 4.

Atomic number increases by 1, mass number remains the same.

Atomic number remains the same, mass number decreases by 4.

Positron and neutrino.

Proton and neutron.

Electron and antineutrino.

Alpha particle.

$^{137}_{54}Xe$

$^{136}_{56}Ba$

$^{137}_{56}Ba$

$^{138}_{54}Xe$

Electron and antineutrino.

Proton and neutron.

Positron and neutrino.

Alpha particle.

Increases by 1.

Decreases by 1.

Remains the same.

Increases by 2.