What is the effect of an atom emitting or absorbing electromagnetic radiation?
The atom undergoes a change in energy and momentum.
What are the key differences between protons and neutrons?
Proton: Positive charge (+1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C), mass of 1.673 × 10⁻²⁷ kg | Neutron: No charge, mass of 1.675 × 10⁻²⁷ kg
Compare the charge of up quarks and down quarks.
Up quarks: +⅔ charge | Down quarks: -⅓ charge
What is an atom?
A stable, electrically neutral basic building block of matter that can combine with other atoms and emit/absorb electromagnetic radiation with discrete energy and momentum.
What are fundamental particles?
The smallest particles that cannot be broken down further, including electrons, neutrinos, photons, and quarks.
What is an electron?
A fundamental particle with a mass of 9.11 × 10⁻³¹ kg and a charge of -1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C.
What is a proton?
A subatomic particle with a mass of 1.673 × 10⁻²⁷ kg and a charge of +1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C; it is made of quarks.
What is a neutron?
A subatomic particle with a mass of 1.675 × 10⁻²⁷ kg and no charge; it is made of quarks.
What are quarks?
Fundamental particles that make up protons and neutrons; they come in six flavors: up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top.
