Thermodynamics

Neutrons being absorbed by atomic nuclei without any scattering phenomenon.

Electrons producing diffraction patterns after passing through a crystal lattice.

Electrons traveling in straight-line paths between collisions in a vacuum tube.

Atoms only emitting specific quantized energies as photons when excited.

It increases due to work done on the gas.

It decreases as heat is removed from the gas.

It remains unchanged.

It decreases due to work done by the gas.

Kilogram square meters

Meter

Pascal

Joule

Quantum tunneling since large objects readily penetrate potential barriers with little probability of reflection.

Wave-like behavior because all objects possess some wavelength according to de Broglie's hypothesis.

Particle-like behavior because large objects cannot be quantized in energy levels like subatomic particles.

Large objects exhibit primarily particle-like behavior due to their significant mass relative to Planck's constant.

Keep the rate of fuel consumption the same, allowing for a direct assessment of mechanical efficiencies.

Vary the composition of used fuels to test their efficacies and impacts on performances.

Change operation cycles times to see how various durations influence output.

Modify sizes so that the proportional respective displacements compare scale-effects.

Q = mcΔT

$\Delta U = Q - W$

$\Delta U = P \Delta V$

$P \Delta V = nRT$

Accelerate at a rate proportional to the applied force.

Remain at rest or move at a constant velocity.

Move in a circular path.

Increase its kinetic energy over time.

The entropy of such a system constantly increases with each cycle.

The efficiency of this cyclic process approaches zero percent over time.

The enthalpy steadily decreases after each complete cycle repeats itself.

The net change in internal energy over one cycle is zero.

The temperature of the system has remained constant.

Work has been done by the system without heat exchange.

A reversible adiabatic process has taken place.

Heat has flowed into the system.

Utilize a pressure sensor to measure pressure changes continuously instead of assuming constant pressure.

Measure only initial and final volumes ignoring potential intermediate volume changes during expansion.

Assume ideal gas behavior even when gases are near condensation points or high pressures where non-idealities occur.

Use larger volumes of gas for greater visibility in volume change though it doesn't affect measurement accuracy per se.