Quantum, Atomic, and Nuclear Physics
What phenomenon occurs when light passes from a vacuum into a glass medium at an angle that exceeds the critical angle for total internal reflection?
Light refracts normally with some part reflecting back into vacuum.
No light passes into glass; instead, all light reflects back into vacuum.
Complete transmission occurs without any reflection due to no reflection threshold.
Some light still enters glass but more reflectivity compared to less inclined incidences.
In Young's double-slit experiment, if one slit is covered with a material that introduces an additional half-wavelength phase shift to light passing through it, what happens to the central bright fringe on the screen?
It remains stationary because only relative path difference determines fringe positions.
It doubles its width while remaining centered between both slits as before.
It disappears because complete destructive interference occurs for all fringes including center one.
It shifts by half a fringe width in one direction or another depending on which slit has been covered.
Which observation supports the particle nature of photons when light interacts with metal in the photoelectric effect?
Electrons are emitted after some delay following continuous exposure to light.
Electrons are emitted immediately after light shines on the metal, regardless of intensity.
The number of electrons emitted increases with higher light intensity.
No electrons are emitted if the frequency of incident light is below a certain threshold regardless of its intensity.
Which theory describes the dual nature of matter, especially at the quantum level, where particles can also exhibit wave-like characteristics?
General relativity
Quantum mechanics
Electromagnetism
Classical mechanics
If two objects at different temperatures come into thermal contact in an isolated system, how does heat transfer occur according to the zeroth law of thermodynamics?
Equally between both objects irrespective of their initial temperatures.
Periodically between objects regardless of their initial temperatures.
From lower to higher temperature until all kinetic energy is equal.
From higher to lower temperature until both reach equilibrium.
If light behaves as a wave when passing through two slits and produces an interference pattern on a screen, what would happen if one slit is covered?
A diffraction pattern with half the fringe width forms.
The interference pattern disappears and a single bright spot appears.
The intensity of the interference pattern doubles.
The interference fringes become more numerous but less intense.
In terms of wave properties, what happens to the frequency if the wavelength of a wave increases while its speed remains constant?
The frequency increases
It becomes impossible to determine the frequency
The frequency remains unchanged
The frequency decreases

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What type of wave requires an elastic material medium for its propagation?
Electromagnetic waves like light waves.
Mechanical waves such as sound waves.
Gravitational waves from astronomical events.
Matter waves such as electron de Broglie waves.
What term describes a phenomenon where two or more waves superpose to form a resultant wave with greater, lower, or the same amplitude?
Refraction
Diffraction
Polarization
Interference
Which experimental evidence supports the claim that sound cannot travel in a vacuum?
Sound requires a medium to propagate.
Sound can echo in a vacuum.
Vacuum has high acoustic impedance for sound waves.
Sound travels faster in a vacuum than air.