How does the kinetic energy and path radius of a charged particle in a magnetic field inform us about its specific charge?
By analyzing a charged particle's kinetic energy and path radius in a magnetic field, we can calculate its specific charge, aiding in the identification of the particle type.
Why doesn't an electron's kinetic energy change in a uniform magnetic field when it moves perpendicularly to it?
Since the magnetic force is at all times perpendicular to the electron's velocity, there's no work done by the magnetic field on the electron. Work is needed for energy changes; hence, the kinetic energy remains constant.
Why use a low-pressure gas in electron motion experiments?
Low-pressure gases like hydrogen or helium are used to minimize electron collisions with gas atoms, preventing significant energy loss.
What is the energy equation of electrons accelerated using a potential difference V?
(frac 12mev^2 = eV , hence u = frac {sqrt2eV}{me}).
How do you determine the specific charge (e/m) of an electron using a graph of 2B^2 against V?
By plotting a graph of 2B^2 against the voltage (V) and finding its gradient, you can calculate the specific charge (e/m) of the electron. The relationship is given by the equation B^2 = (2me)/(er^2) * V. The specific charge is then found by rearranging the equation and substituting the radius (r).
How close was the student's derived specific charge of the electron to the accepted value?
The student's calculated specific charge was 1.72 × 10^11 Ckg−1, quite close to the accepted 1.76 × 10^11 C kg−1, with a 2% deviation.
What type of orbit does a charge have in a uniform magnetic field?
Circular orbit.
What is the condition for the velocity of a charged particle when the electric force equals the magnetic force in an electromagnetic field?
The unique speed, u, required for a charge to move with electric and magnetic forces balanced is given by u = E/B, where E is the electric field strength and B is the magnetic flux density.
What functions as a velocity selector for charged particles in an electromagnetic field?
A velocity selector uses perpendicular magnetic and electric fields to filter charged particles by speed. Particles with the right velocity pass undeflected.
How do ions with the same speed but different masses behave in a mass spectrometer's deflection chamber?
Ions with the same speed but varying masses will have different radii for their circular paths within the deflection chamber of a mass spectrometer, due to their mass-to-charge ratio differences.
What is Kinematics?
The study of motion, focusing on *how* things move, not *why*.
What is Displacement?
Change in position; a **vector** (magnitude and direction).
What is Velocity?
Rate of change of displacement; a **vector**. Speed with direction.
What is Acceleration?
Rate of change of velocity; a **vector**. How quickly velocity changes.
What is Speed?
Rate at which an object travels over a distance. It is a **scalar** quantity (magnitude only).
What is a Scalar Quantity?
Magnitude only (e.g., speed, mass, distance).
What is a Vector Quantity?
Magnitude and direction (e.g., velocity, force, displacement).
What are the differences between distance and displacement?
Distance: Total path length, scalar quantity. Displacement: Change in position, vector quantity.
What are the differences between speed and velocity?
Speed: Rate of motion (magnitude of velocity), scalar quantity. Velocity: Rate of change of position (speed with direction), vector quantity.
Compare horizontal and vertical motion in projectile motion.
Horizontal (x) motion: Constant velocity (no acceleration). Vertical (y) motion: Constant acceleration due to gravity (g).
Compare scalar and vector quantities.
Scalar: Magnitude only (e.g., distance, speed). Vector: Magnitude and direction (e.g., displacement, velocity, acceleration).
