All Flashcards
How to approach 2D Kinematics problems?
- Break down motion into x and y components. 2. Solve each direction separately. 3. Combine if needed.
Define Kinematics.
The study of how things move, without considering why they move.
Define Position.
Where an object is located, measured in meters (m).
Define Velocity.
How fast an object is moving and in what direction, measured in meters per second (m/s).
Define Acceleration.
How much an object's velocity is changing over time, measured in meters per second squared (m/s²).
Define Free Fall.
When an object falls under the influence of gravity alone.
Define Scalar.
A quantity with magnitude only (e.g., distance, speed).
Define Vector.
A quantity with both magnitude and direction (e.g., displacement, velocity, acceleration).
What happens to an electron beam when a perpendicular uniform magnetic field is applied to it?
Electrons will move in a circular path due to the Lorentz force. This circular motion typically is not accompanied by visible light emission, as this requires specific conditions not mentioned here.
How does a magnetic field affect the kinetic energy of an electron moving through it?
An electron's kinetic energy remains unchanged in a magnetic field because the field does no work on the electron, as it moves perpendicular to the field.
What is the historical significance of measuring the specific charge of electrons?
Measuring the specific charge was crucial for understanding electron properties, playing a key role until the electronic charge was determined by Millikan.
In an arrangement where electric force FE is upwards and magnetic force FB is downwards, under what condition will no net force act on the charged particle?
When F E= FB or when qE = qvB.
What two main components does a Bainbridge mass spectrometer use?
It uses a velocity selector with perpendicular electric and magnetic fields to filter particles by velocity, and a separate magnetic field in a deflection chamber to measure mass.
How does the onko-knife or iknife help surgeons during operations?
It can determine whether tissue is cancerous or not in real time, making the procedure quicker and more accurate.
Is energy conserved for a charge moving in a magnetic field?
Energy is conserved as the magnetic field does no work on a point charge in stable orbit. The charge's speed remains constant while its direction changes.
How does a point charge moving perpendicular to a uniform electric field affect its energy?
As a point charge moves at right angles to a uniform electric field, it experiences a change in kinetic energy, with the energy being derived from the electric field.
What key discovery did Rutherford's experiment with alpha particles and gold atoms lead to?
Rutherford's experiment led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus. When alpha particles were directed at thin gold foil, some were deflected at large angles, indicating a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.
How are electric and magnetic fields utilized in particle accelerators?
In particle physics, electric fields are used to accelerate charged particles to high velocities, while magnetic fields guide and focus beams, or alter particle trajectories during collisions for analysis.