All Flashcards
What is position?
Where an object is located, measured in meters (m).
What is velocity?
How fast an object is moving and in what direction, measured in meters per second (m/s).
What is acceleration?
How much an object's velocity is changing over time, measured in meters per second squared (m/s²).
What is free fall?
When an object falls under the influence of gravity alone.
Define a scalar quantity.
A quantity with magnitude only.
Define a vector quantity.
A quantity with both magnitude and direction.
Who is credited with the observation that the time period of a simple pendulum does not depend on its amplitude (for small amplitudes)?
Galileo is credited with this observation.
How did Galileo discover that a pendulum's period is independent of amplitude?
Galileo observed a chandelier at Pisa Cathedral and timed the swings with his pulse. He found that the swing count over a set pulse count remained constant, showing that the pendulum's period was independent of swing amplitude.
How did pendulum experiments advance scientific understanding of time measurement?
Pendulum experiments paved the way for precise time measurement in scientific studies, leading to developments in mechanics and reinforcing the role of experimental data in advancing scientific knowledge.
What is a limitation of a simple pendulum in SHM?
A simple pendulum approximates SHM and deviates at large swing amplitudes.
How can a timepiece be modified to achieve isochronous oscillations?
To achieve isochronous oscillations in a timepiece, adjustments can be made to the timepiece's mechanism to ensure equal oscillation periods regardless of swing amplitude. This is often done using a governing device.
What is the term for the position a system adopts when at rest?
Equilibrium position.
What is the term for the time taken to complete one cycle of an oscillation?
Time period (T).
What is the relationship between the frequency (f) of oscillation and the time period (T)?
The frequency (f) is the reciprocal of the time period (T). Therefore, f = 1/T. This means that the frequency is the number of oscillations per unit time, and the time period is the time for one complete oscillation.
What is the unit for frequency?
Hertz (Hz), which is the same as s−1.
What device is used to monitor the mass's position in a mass-spring system experiment?
A common device for tracking the position of the mass in a mass-spring oscillator is an ultrasound motion sensor.
Calculate the electric force on an electron between plates with a 25V potential difference and 2.0cm separation.
F = eE = e(V/d) = (1.6 × 10^−19 C)(25 V / 0.02 m) = 2.0×10^−16 N
In which direction does the force act when a charge moves in a uniform magnetic field?
The force is at right angles to both the velocity of the charge and the direction of the magnetic field.
How does an electron's motion change in a magnetic field?
In a magnetic field, an electron experiences a force at right angles to both the field and its velocity. This results in a circular or helical motion with acceleration perpendicular to its velocity, not affecting its speed.
How does the force on an electron in a magnetic field depend on its properties?
The magnetic force on an electron depends on its charge (e), its velocity (v), and the strength (B) and orientation of the magnetic field.
How can you represent the radius of the electron's circular motion in a magnetic field?
The radius can be represented as (r = frac {mev}{Be}) where me is the mass of the electron.
How can the charge to mass ratio of a charged particle be determined?
By observing the deflection of the charged particle's trajectory within a known uniform magnetic field, the charge to mass ratio can be calculated.
What are the two fields closely connected in electromagnetism?
Electric and magnetic fields.
Describe the orientation of electric and magnetic fields in electromagnetic radiation.
In electromagnetic radiation, the electric (E) and magnetic (B) fields oscillate perpendicularly to each other and to the direction of wave propagation.
True or False: The electric field in radiation can exist without its magnetic counterpart.
False. The electric field in the radiation cannot exist without its magnetic counterpart.
What effect involving two current-carrying foils was used to define the ampere?
The force between two parallel current-carrying conductors was previously used to define the ampere, which until 2019 was the basic SI unit for electric current.