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Label the forces in the following Free Body Diagram of a box at rest on a surface.
1: $F_g$ (Gravitational Force/Weight) acting downwards, 2: $F_n$ (Normal Force) acting upwards.
Label the forces in the following Free Body Diagram of a block being pulled with an applied force at an angle.
1: $F_{app}$ (Applied Force) at an angle, 2: $F_g$ (Gravitational Force/Weight) down, 3: $F_n$ (Normal Force) up, 4: $f_s$ (Static Friction) or $f_k$ (Kinetic Friction) opposite the direction of motion.
What are the differences between static and kinetic friction?
Static Friction: Prevents motion, adjusts to applied force up to a maximum value. | Kinetic Friction: Opposes motion, has a constant value while sliding.
Compare and contrast Newton's First and Second Laws of Motion.
First Law: Describes inertia and the tendency of objects to resist changes in motion. | Second Law: Quantifies the relationship between net force, mass, and acceleration ($\Sigma F = ma$).
What is the effect of applying an unbalanced force on an object?
The object will accelerate (or decelerate) in the direction of the net force, as described by Newton's Second Law.
What happens when the applied force exceeds the maximum static friction?
The object begins to move, and the friction transitions from static to kinetic.
What is the effect of increasing the normal force on a surface?
It increases both the maximum static friction and the kinetic friction.