What is the effect of mutual repulsion between excess charge carriers in a conductor?
Excess charge carriers migrate to the surface of the conductor.
What happens when a conductor is placed in an external electric field?
Charge redistribution (polarization) occurs to maintain a constant potential on the conductor's surface.
What is the effect of sharp protrusions on a conductor?
Greater charge accumulation occurs at the sharp points due to enhanced repulsive forces.
What is the effect of enclosing a region with a conducting shell?
The interior becomes immune to external electric fields (electrostatic shielding).
What is the effect of excess charges in conductors?
All excess charges reside on the surface, resulting in zero net charge within the conductor's interior.
What happens when a solid conducting sphere has a net positive charge?
The electric field inside the sphere is zero.
What is an ideal conductor?
A material that allows electrons to move freely without resistance.
Define electrostatic equilibrium in conductors.
A state where excess charges have redistributed to the surface, resulting in zero net charge within the conductor's interior and equal electric potential on the conductor's surface.
What is electrostatic shielding?
Enclosing a region with a conducting shell to create an area immune to external electric fields.
Define electric potential.
Electric potential is the amount of work needed to move a unit positive charge from a reference point to a specific point inside an electric field.
What is electric field?
The electric field is the force per unit charge experienced by a small positive test charge placed at that point.
