Conductors and Capacitors

Where the surface is flat.

Where the surface is negatively charged.

At points or edges.

The charge density is uniform over the surface.

Variable, depending on the charge density.

Zero.

Constant at all points.

Equal to the electric field.

Parallel to the surface.

At a 45-degree angle to the surface.

Tangential to the surface.

Perpendicular to the surface.

The process of charging a conductor.

The phenomenon where a conductor amplifies an external electric field.

The creation of an area immune to external electric fields by enclosing it with a conducting shell.

The alignment of electric dipoles in a dielectric material.

Electrons move with slight resistance.

Electrons are stationary.

Electrons move freely without resistance.

Electrons move only under high voltage.

Positive charges accumulate near the external positive charge.

Charges do not redistribute.

Negative charges accumulate near the external positive charge.

Positive charges accumulate on the opposite side from the external positive charge.

Equal to the external electric field.

A non-zero constant.

Zero.

Dependent on the charge density on the surface.

The potential varies linearly with position.

The potential is zero.

The potential is constant.

The potential is equal to that at infinity.

Charges do not move.

Charges redistribute to cancel the external field inside the shell.

Charges redistribute to amplify the external field inside the shell.

Charges redistribute to create a uniform field inside the shell.

$\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} \frac{Q}{R^2}$

$\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} \frac{Q}{r^2}$, where $r < R$

Zero

It depends on the material of the sphere.