All Flashcards
Define an open system.
A system that allows both energy and mass transfer with its surroundings.
Define a closed system.
A system that allows energy transfer but not mass transfer with its surroundings.
Define an isolated system.
A system that does not exchange energy or mass with its environment.
What are emergent properties?
Properties that arise from the collective interactions of individual components within a system.
Define Center of Mass.
The average position of all the parts of the system, weighted according to their masses.
Differentiate between open and closed systems.
Open systems exchange both energy and mass; closed systems exchange energy but not mass.
How do individual component behaviors differ from system behavior?
Individual components may have unique behaviors, while the system's behavior is a result of the collective interactions of those components.
Compare symmetrical vs. nonuniform mass distributions in finding the center of mass.
Symmetrical: Center of mass is on lines of symmetry. Nonuniform: Requires integration using .
What is the difference between linear mass density and variable density?
Linear mass density () applies to one-dimensional objects, while variable density () applies to three-dimensional objects.
Differentiate between microscopic and macroscopic properties.
Microscopic properties relate to individual components. Macroscopic properties are the cumulative effects of individual component interactions.
What is the effect of increasing the temperature of a water system?
It can cause a phase change (e.g., from liquid to gas).
What is the effect of external forces acting on a system?
The system's center of mass accelerates as if all the mass were concentrated there and all external forces acted there.
What happens when you change the internal structure of a system?
It can alter the system's characteristics without changing its composition.
What is the effect of applying stress to a material?
It changes its internal molecular structure.
What is the effect of modifying external conditions on a system?
It alters the interactions and arrangements of components within the system.