A quantity with both magnitude and direction.

Force that arises from physical contact between objects, resulting from interatomic electric forces.

A visual representation showing all forces acting on an object or system.

The force exerted by a surface perpendicular to the contact area.

The force transmitted through a rope, string, or cable when it is pulled tight by forces acting from opposite ends.

The force that opposes motion between surfaces in contact.

Increasing the angle increases the component of weight acting down the plane ($mg\sin\theta$).

The object is in equilibrium (either at rest or moving with constant velocity).

It increases the frictional force between the surfaces, opposing motion.

The net force calculation will be incorrect, leading to an incorrect determination of acceleration.

Increasing the normal force typically increases the friction force, as friction force is often proportional to the normal force.

The object will begin to move, and the friction force will transition from static to kinetic friction.

1. Identify the object of interest. 2. Represent the object as a dot. 3. Draw vectors representing forces acting on the object, originating from the dot. 4. Label each force vector.

1. Draw the free-body diagram. 2. Choose a coordinate system. 3. Resolve forces into components along the axes. 4. Apply Newton's laws.