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  1. AP Physics C Mechanics
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What is the effect of increasing the distance of mass from the axis of rotation?

Increases the rotational inertia.

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What is the effect of increasing the distance of mass from the axis of rotation?

Increases the rotational inertia.

What is the effect of increasing the mass of an object on its rotational inertia?

Increases the rotational inertia.

What happens if a rigid body rotates about its center of mass?

The rotational inertia is minimized.

What is the effect of applying a torque to an object with a high rotational inertia?

The object will experience a smaller angular acceleration.

What happens if the axis of rotation is shifted away from the center of mass?

The rotational inertia increases, as described by the parallel axis theorem.

How do you calculate the total rotational inertia of multiple objects?

Sum the individual rotational inertias: \Itot=∑Ii=∑miri2\I_{\text{tot}} = \sum I_i = \sum m_i r_i^2\Itot​=∑Ii​=∑mi​ri2​

Outline the steps to find rotational inertia of a solid object.

  1. Imagine the solid is made of tiny masses dm. 2. Use the integral: I=∫r2dmI = \int r^2 dmI=∫r2dm. 3. Integrate over the entire object.

What are the steps to apply the parallel axis theorem?

  1. Identify the axis of rotation. 2. Find the rotational inertia about the center of mass (IcmI_{cm}Icm​). 3. Determine the distance d between the axes. 4. Calculate I′=Icm+Md2I' = I_{cm} + Md^2I′=Icm​+Md2.

Describe the process of deriving rotational inertia using calculus.

  1. Define a mass element dm. 2. Express dm in terms of spatial variables. 3. Determine the limits of integration. 4. Evaluate the integral I=∫r2dmI = \int r^2 dmI=∫r2dm.

How do you calculate rotational inertia for a system of discrete particles?

  1. Identify each particle's mass (mim_imi​) and distance (rir_iri​) from the axis of rotation. 2. Calculate each particle's rotational inertia (Ii=miri2I_i = m_i r_i^2Ii​=mi​ri2​). 3. Sum the individual rotational inertias: Itot=∑IiI_{tot} = \sum I_iItot​=∑Ii​.

Compare the rotational inertia of a solid sphere and a hollow sphere with the same mass and radius.

Solid Sphere: Lower rotational inertia (mass closer to the center). Hollow Sphere: Higher rotational inertia (mass further from the center).

Compare rotational inertia about the center of mass to rotational inertia about a parallel axis.

Center of Mass: Minimum rotational inertia. Parallel Axis: Higher rotational inertia (due to the parallel axis theorem).

Compare the rotational inertia of a hoop and a solid disk with equal mass and radius.

Hoop: Higher rotational inertia (mass concentrated at the rim). Solid Disk: Lower rotational inertia (mass distributed throughout).

Compare the formula for rotational inertia of a point mass to that of a continuous object.

Point mass: I=mr2I = mr^2I=mr2. Continuous object: I=∫r2dmI = \int r^2 dmI=∫r2dm

Compare the effect of doubling the mass versus doubling the distance on rotational inertia.

Doubling Mass: Rotational inertia doubles. Doubling Distance: Rotational inertia quadruples (due to the r2r^2r2 term).