All Flashcards
Define torque.
The rotational equivalent of force; what causes an object to start rotating or change its rotation.
Define rotational inertia.
A measure of how much an object resists changes in its rotational motion.
What is angular acceleration?
The rate of change of angular velocity.
Define Newton's Second Law for Rotation.
The net torque on an object is equal to the product of its rotational inertia and angular acceleration: .
What is tangential speed?
The linear speed of a point on a rotating object, related to angular speed by .
What is tangential acceleration?
The linear acceleration of a point on a rotating object, related to angular acceleration by .
What is the effect of applying a net torque to an object?
The object experiences angular acceleration.
What happens if the net torque acting on an object is zero?
The object's angular velocity remains constant (no angular acceleration).
What happens if you double the net torque applied to a rigid system?
The angular acceleration of the system doubles.
What is the effect of doubling the rotational inertia of a rigid system, given a constant net torque?
The angular acceleration of the system is halved.
What happens when a force is applied farther from the hinge of a door?
The torque applied to the door increases, resulting in a greater angular acceleration.
Compare and contrast torque and force.
Torque: Rotational force, causes rotation. | Force: Linear force, causes linear acceleration.
Compare and contrast rotational inertia and mass.
Rotational Inertia: Resistance to changes in rotational motion, depends on mass distribution. | Mass: Resistance to changes in linear motion.
Compare and contrast tangential speed and angular speed.
Tangential Speed: Linear speed of a point on a rotating object. | Angular Speed: Rate of change of angular displacement.
Compare the rotational inertia of a solid cylinder and a hollow cylinder of the same mass and radius.
Solid Cylinder: Lower rotational inertia, mass closer to the axis of rotation. | Hollow Cylinder: Higher rotational inertia, mass farther from the axis of rotation.
Compare clockwise and counterclockwise torque.
Clockwise Torque: Causes clockwise angular acceleration. | Counterclockwise Torque: Causes counterclockwise angular acceleration.