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How do you apply Newton's Second Law to SHM?
1. State Newton's Second Law: $F = ma$. 2. Substitute the restoring force: $ma = -kx$. 3. Rearrange the equation: $a = -(k/m)x$.
Describe the energy transformation in SHM.
1. At maximum displacement, all energy is potential. 2. As the object moves towards equilibrium, potential energy converts to kinetic energy. 3. At equilibrium, all energy is kinetic. 4. As the object moves past equilibrium, kinetic energy converts back to potential energy.
What is Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)?
A special type of periodic motion where an object moves back and forth repeatedly around a central equilibrium point due to a restoring force.
Define 'restoring force' in the context of SHM.
A force that always points towards the equilibrium position, pulling the object back to its center.
What is the 'equilibrium position' in SHM?
The position where the net force on the object is zero, resulting in zero acceleration.
Define 'amplitude' in the context of SHM.
The maximum displacement of the object from its equilibrium position during oscillation.
What is the 'period' (T) of SHM?
The time required for one complete oscillation or cycle of the motion.
What is the 'frequency' (f) of SHM?
The number of oscillations per unit of time, usually measured in Hertz (Hz).
What are the key differences between a pendulum's motion and a mass-spring system in SHM?
Pendulum: Restoring force is a torque, SHM is an approximation for small angles. | Mass-Spring: Restoring force is linear (Hooke's Law), SHM is more accurate.
Differentiate between period and frequency in SHM.
Period: Time for one oscillation. | Frequency: Number of oscillations per second.
Compare potential and kinetic energy in SHM.
Potential Energy: Maximum at maximum displacement, zero at equilibrium. | Kinetic Energy: Zero at maximum displacement, maximum at equilibrium.