Starts with sensory receptors detecting stimuli and sending signals to the brain, focusing on details.

Uses prior knowledge, schemas, and context to interpret sensory information, focusing on the bigger picture.

Schemas help simplify complex information but can lead to biases if applied too rigidly.

They cause us to see what we expect or want to see, leading to selective attention and misinterpretations.

The physical or social setting can shape how we perceive things; the same behavior can be interpreted differently.

Upbringing, education, and past events influence how we perceive the world around us.

Cultural norms, values, and beliefs affect perception, leading to different interpretations across cultures.

It emphasizes that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, focusing on how the brain organizes visual information.

Attention helps us selectively focus on specific aspects of the environment, prioritizing and processing important information.

An example of selective attention where you can attend to your name even in a noisy environment.

Can cause biases and difficulty in accepting information that contradicts the schema.

The same behavior can be interpreted differently depending on the context, leading to misunderstandings.

Can lead to suspicion and distrust of others, affecting how they interpret social interactions.

Different cultures have different norms about personal space, which can cause discomfort or misunderstandings in intercultural interactions.

Information that is attended to is more likely to be encoded and remembered, while unattended information is often forgotten.

Expectations can influence what we perceive, leading us to see what we want or expect to see, even if it's not there.

Inattention can lead to perceptual blindness, where we fail to notice obvious stimuli in our environment.

Prior knowledge influences how we interpret new information, helping us make sense of the world but also potentially leading to biases.

Gestalt principles help us organize visual information into meaningful patterns, making it easier to understand and remember.

Novel or unusual stimuli tend to capture our attention more easily than familiar stimuli.

The process of interpreting sensory information to understand the world.

Processing that starts with raw sensory data from the environment.

Processing that uses prior knowledge and expectations to interpret sensory information.

Mental frameworks that organize and interpret information based on prior knowledge.

Mental predispositions that influence perception, causing us to see what we expect.

The tendency to perceive incomplete objects as complete by filling in missing information.

The tendency to see objects as either the focus (figure) or the background (ground).

The tendency to see objects close together as part of a group.

The tendency to group similar objects together.

Focusing on specific stimuli while filtering out irrelevant information.