All Flashcards
What is Explicit Memory?
Memories you can consciously recall and explain.
What is Episodic Memory?
Memory of specific events and personal experiences.
What is Semantic Memory?
General knowledge base; facts and concepts.
What is Implicit Memory?
Unconscious memories; hard to explain.
What is Procedural Memory?
Memory for skills and habits.
What is Prospective Memory?
Memory for future actions.
What is Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)?
Strengthening of synaptic connections between neurons through frequent activation.
What is the Central Executive?
The component of working memory that controls attention and coordinates other components.
What is the Phonological Loop?
The component of working memory that processes and stores verbal and auditory information.
What is the Visuospatial Sketchpad?
The component of working memory that processes and stores visual and spatial information.
What is the Episodic Buffer?
Integrates information from other working memory components into a unified representation.
What is Sensory Memory?
A very brief holding area for sensory input.
What is Iconic Memory?
Visual sensory memory.
What is Echoic Memory?
Auditory sensory memory.
What is Short-Term Memory?
Temporary storage for information you're actively using.
What is Long-Term Memory?
Storage of vast amounts of information for extended periods.
What is Automatic Processing?
Processing that happens without conscious effort.
What is Effortful Processing?
Processing that requires attention and cognitive resources.
What is Elaborative Rehearsal?
Connecting new information to existing knowledge to facilitate deep processing.
Compare episodic and semantic memory.
Episodic memory is for personal experiences, while semantic memory is for general knowledge.
Compare procedural and prospective memory.
Procedural memory is for skills, while prospective memory is for future actions.
Compare iconic and echoic memory.
Iconic memory is visual sensory memory, while echoic memory is auditory sensory memory.
Compare automatic and effortful processing.
Automatic processing occurs without conscious effort, while effortful processing requires attention.
Compare the multi-store model and the levels of processing model.
Multi-store model focuses on different memory stores, while levels of processing model focuses on depth of encoding.
Compare maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal.
Maintenance rehearsal involves repeating information to keep it in short-term memory, while elaborative rehearsal connects new information to existing knowledge for deeper processing.
Compare the roles of the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad in working memory.
The phonological loop processes and stores verbal and auditory information, while the visuospatial sketchpad processes and stores visual and spatial information.
Compare short-term memory and long-term memory in terms of capacity and duration.
Short-term memory has limited capacity and short duration, while long-term memory has vast capacity and long duration.
Compare structural, phonemic, and semantic levels of processing.
Structural is shallow (physical properties), phonemic is middle (sound properties), and semantic is deep (meaning and associations).
Compare explicit and implicit memory in terms of conscious awareness.
Explicit memory involves conscious recall, while implicit memory operates unconsciously.
Give an example of episodic memory in everyday life.
Remembering details of your last vacation.
Give an example of semantic memory in everyday life.
Knowing the capital of your country.
Give an example of procedural memory in everyday life.
Riding a bike.
Give an example of prospective memory in everyday life.
Remembering to take medication.
How is the phonological loop used when learning a new language?
Repeating new words and phrases to memorize their sounds.
How is the visuospatial sketchpad used when giving directions?
Creating a mental map to guide someone.
How can elaborative rehearsal be used when studying for an exam?
Relating the material to your own life experiences or other concepts you already know.
How does long-term potentiation contribute to learning a new skill?
By strengthening the neural pathways associated with the skill through repeated practice.
How is working memory used when solving a math problem?
Holding the numbers and operations in mind while performing calculations.
How does semantic processing aid in remembering someone's name?
By associating the name with something meaningful or memorable.