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What is Explicit Memory?
Memories you can consciously recall and explain.
What is Episodic Memory?
Memory of specific events and personal experiences.
What is Semantic Memory?
General knowledge base; facts and concepts.
What is Implicit Memory?
Unconscious memories; hard to explain.
What is Procedural Memory?
Memory for skills and habits.
What is Prospective Memory?
Memory for future actions.
What is Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)?
Strengthening of synaptic connections between neurons through frequent activation.
What is the Central Executive?
The component of working memory that controls attention and coordinates other components.
What is the Phonological Loop?
The component of working memory that processes and stores verbal and auditory information.
What is the Visuospatial Sketchpad?
The component of working memory that processes and stores visual and spatial information.
What is the Episodic Buffer?
Integrates information from other working memory components into a unified representation.
What is Sensory Memory?
A very brief holding area for sensory input.
What is Iconic Memory?
Visual sensory memory.
What is Echoic Memory?
Auditory sensory memory.
What is Short-Term Memory?
Temporary storage for information you're actively using.
What is Long-Term Memory?
Storage of vast amounts of information for extended periods.
What is Automatic Processing?
Processing that happens without conscious effort.
What is Effortful Processing?
Processing that requires attention and cognitive resources.
What is Elaborative Rehearsal?
Connecting new information to existing knowledge to facilitate deep processing.
What is the key idea behind Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)?
Repeated use of a neural pathway makes it stronger, facilitating information retrieval.
What is the Working Memory Model?
A model explaining how your brain actively holds and manipulates information.
What is the Multi-Store Model of Memory?
Memory moves through sensory, short-term, and long-term systems.
What is the Levels of Processing Model?
How deeply you process information affects how well you remember it.
Explain the difference between explicit and implicit memory.
Explicit memory is conscious and declarative, while implicit memory is unconscious and non-declarative.
How does elaborative rehearsal enhance memory?
By connecting new information to existing knowledge, leading to deeper semantic processing.
What is the role of the central executive in working memory?
It controls attention and coordinates the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and episodic buffer.
What is the capacity and duration of short-term memory?
Limited capacity (7 +/- 2 items) and short duration (about 20 seconds).
What is the main difference between working memory and short-term memory?
Working memory is an active system for processing information, while short-term memory is just a temporary storage.
What is the effect of semantic processing on memory?
Leads to stronger and longer-lasting memories due to deeper encoding of meaning.
What is the role of the episodic buffer in working memory?
It integrates information from the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and long-term memory into a single, unified representation.
Give an example of episodic memory in everyday life.
Remembering details of your last vacation.
Give an example of semantic memory in everyday life.
Knowing the capital of your country.
Give an example of procedural memory in everyday life.
Riding a bike.
Give an example of prospective memory in everyday life.
Remembering to take medication.
How is the phonological loop used when learning a new language?
Repeating new words and phrases to memorize their sounds.
How is the visuospatial sketchpad used when giving directions?
Creating a mental map to guide someone.
How can elaborative rehearsal be used when studying for an exam?
Relating the material to your own life experiences or other concepts you already know.
How does long-term potentiation contribute to learning a new skill?
By strengthening the neural pathways associated with the skill through repeated practice.
How is working memory used when solving a math problem?
Holding the numbers and operations in mind while performing calculations.
How does semantic processing aid in remembering someone's name?
By associating the name with something meaningful or memorable.