All Flashcards
Give an example of episodic memory in everyday life.
Remembering details of your last vacation.
Give an example of semantic memory in everyday life.
Knowing the capital of your country.
Give an example of procedural memory in everyday life.
Riding a bike.
Give an example of prospective memory in everyday life.
Remembering to take medication.
How is the phonological loop used when learning a new language?
Repeating new words and phrases to memorize their sounds.
How is the visuospatial sketchpad used when giving directions?
Creating a mental map to guide someone.
How can elaborative rehearsal be used when studying for an exam?
Relating the material to your own life experiences or other concepts you already know.
How does long-term potentiation contribute to learning a new skill?
By strengthening the neural pathways associated with the skill through repeated practice.
How is working memory used when solving a math problem?
Holding the numbers and operations in mind while performing calculations.
How does semantic processing aid in remembering someone's name?
By associating the name with something meaningful or memorable.
What is the effect of frequent activation of neural pathways?
Strengthens synaptic connections through Long-Term Potentiation (LTP).
What is the effect of deeper processing on memory?
Leads to stronger and longer-lasting memories.
What is the effect of damage to the central executive?
Impaired control of attention and coordination of working memory components.
What is the effect of limited attention on encoding?
Results in shallow processing and weaker memory formation.
What is the effect of rehearsal on short-term memory?
Maintains information in short-term memory, but doesn't necessarily transfer it to long-term memory.
What is the effect of elaborative rehearsal on long-term memory?
Enhances long-term memory by creating meaningful connections and deeper processing.
What is the effect of distraction on working memory?
Reduces the capacity to hold and manipulate information, impairing cognitive performance.
What is the effect of sleep on memory consolidation?
Sleep facilitates the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory, improving memory retention.
What is the effect of stress on memory retrieval?
High levels of stress can impair memory retrieval, making it difficult to access stored information.
What is the effect of aging on working memory?
Working memory capacity tends to decline with age, affecting cognitive abilities.
What is Explicit Memory?
Memories you can consciously recall and explain.
What is Episodic Memory?
Memory of specific events and personal experiences.
What is Semantic Memory?
General knowledge base; facts and concepts.
What is Implicit Memory?
Unconscious memories; hard to explain.
What is Procedural Memory?
Memory for skills and habits.
What is Prospective Memory?
Memory for future actions.
What is Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)?
Strengthening of synaptic connections between neurons through frequent activation.
What is the Central Executive?
The component of working memory that controls attention and coordinates other components.
What is the Phonological Loop?
The component of working memory that processes and stores verbal and auditory information.
What is the Visuospatial Sketchpad?
The component of working memory that processes and stores visual and spatial information.
What is the Episodic Buffer?
Integrates information from other working memory components into a unified representation.
What is Sensory Memory?
A very brief holding area for sensory input.
What is Iconic Memory?
Visual sensory memory.
What is Echoic Memory?
Auditory sensory memory.
What is Short-Term Memory?
Temporary storage for information you're actively using.
What is Long-Term Memory?
Storage of vast amounts of information for extended periods.
What is Automatic Processing?
Processing that happens without conscious effort.
What is Effortful Processing?
Processing that requires attention and cognitive resources.
What is Elaborative Rehearsal?
Connecting new information to existing knowledge to facilitate deep processing.