All Flashcards
Explain Spearman's g factor theory.
A single, overarching intelligence affects performance across all cognitive tasks.
Explain Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
Individuals have different strengths and weaknesses across various areas (verbal, mathematical, musical).
What are the three types of intelligence in Sternberg's Triarchic Theory?
Analytical, Creative, and Practical intelligence.
What are the broad abilities in the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory?
Fluid reasoning and crystallized knowledge.
Describe the purpose of IQ tests.
Often used in education to identify students who might need extra support or who are gifted.
Why are IQ tests criticized for cultural bias?
Cultural bias can affect scores, leading to unfair assessments of intelligence across different cultural groups.
Explain stereotype lift.
Performance boost from positive stereotypes, which can unfairly advantage certain groups.
What are culturally responsive assessments?
Aim to reduce bias by considering language, content, and norms relevant to the test-taker's background.
What are some causes of the Flynn Effect?
Improved education, better nutrition, more stimulating environments, and higher socioeconomic status.
Why is it important to consider within-group variation in IQ scores?
IQ scores vary more within groups than between them, emphasizing the importance of individual differences.
Why is using IQ scores for high-stakes decisions controversial?
Due to the tests' limitations and potential for bias, it's controversial.
Explain the difference between achievement and aptitude tests.
Achievement tests measure what you've already learned, while aptitude tests predict future performance.
What is the impact of promoting a growth mindset?
Leads to increased motivation and better academic outcomes.
What is the effect of cultural bias in IQ tests?
It can lead to inaccurate and unfair assessments of intelligence for individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.
What is the effect of stereotype threat on test performance?
It can negatively impact test performance due to increased anxiety and reduced effort.
What is the effect of promoting a growth mindset in education?
It leads to increased motivation, better academic outcomes, and greater resilience in students.
What is the effect of improved education on IQ scores?
It contributes to the Flynn effect, leading to rising average IQ scores over time.
What is the effect of poverty on IQ scores?
It can negatively impact IQ scores due to factors like poor nutrition, limited access to resources, and inadequate healthcare.
What is the effect of discrimination on IQ scores?
It can lead to reduced opportunities and lower academic achievement, negatively impacting IQ scores.
What is the effect of standardized testing on student motivation?
High-stakes standardized testing can increase stress and anxiety, potentially reducing student motivation and performance.
What is the effect of early childhood education on later academic achievement?
High-quality early childhood education can lead to improved cognitive skills and higher academic achievement in later years.
What is the effect of test anxiety on test scores?
High levels of test anxiety can impair cognitive functioning and lead to lower test scores.
What is the effect of socioeconomic status on access to educational resources?
Lower socioeconomic status can limit access to high-quality educational resources, negatively impacting academic performance.
What is the g factor?
A single general intelligence that influences all cognitive tasks.
Define multiple intelligences.
The theory that individuals have different strengths and weaknesses across various areas like linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial.
What is analytical intelligence?
Problem-solving skills.
Define creative intelligence.
Novel thinking and innovation.
What is practical intelligence?
Applying knowledge to real-world situations.
Define standardization in testing.
Ensuring consistent test administration and scoring.
What is validity in psychological testing?
Does the test measure what it's supposed to measure?
Define construct validity.
Does the test capture the intended concept?
What is predictive validity?
Does the test predict future outcomes?
Define reliability in testing.
Are the results consistent over time and across different parts of the test?
What are norms in psychological testing?
Standardized scores that allow for comparisons between individuals and groups.
Define stereotype threat.
The fear of confirming negative stereotypes can hurt performance.
What is the Flynn effect?
IQ scores have been increasing over time.
Define achievement tests.
Measure what you've already learned (e.g., reading, math).
Define aptitude tests.
Predict future performance (e.g., SAT, LSAT).
What is a fixed mindset?
Intelligence is seen as an innate, unchangeable trait.
Define growth mindset.
Intelligence can be developed through effort and learning.