All Flashcards
Explain Spearman's g factor theory.
A single, overarching intelligence affects performance across all cognitive tasks.
Explain Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
Individuals have different strengths and weaknesses across various areas (verbal, mathematical, musical).
What are the three types of intelligence in Sternberg's Triarchic Theory?
Analytical, Creative, and Practical intelligence.
What are the broad abilities in the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory?
Fluid reasoning and crystallized knowledge.
Describe the purpose of IQ tests.
Often used in education to identify students who might need extra support or who are gifted.
Why are IQ tests criticized for cultural bias?
Cultural bias can affect scores, leading to unfair assessments of intelligence across different cultural groups.
Explain stereotype lift.
Performance boost from positive stereotypes, which can unfairly advantage certain groups.
What are culturally responsive assessments?
Aim to reduce bias by considering language, content, and norms relevant to the test-taker's background.
What are some causes of the Flynn Effect?
Improved education, better nutrition, more stimulating environments, and higher socioeconomic status.
Why is it important to consider within-group variation in IQ scores?
IQ scores vary more within groups than between them, emphasizing the importance of individual differences.
Why is using IQ scores for high-stakes decisions controversial?
Due to the tests' limitations and potential for bias, it's controversial.
Explain the difference between achievement and aptitude tests.
Achievement tests measure what you've already learned, while aptitude tests predict future performance.
What is the impact of promoting a growth mindset?
Leads to increased motivation and better academic outcomes.
How can understanding stereotype threat help educators?
Educators can create supportive environments to minimize the impact of stereotype threat on student performance.
How can a growth mindset be applied in education?
Teachers can encourage students to view challenges as opportunities for growth, fostering resilience and improving academic outcomes.
How can culturally responsive assessments be used in schools?
Schools can use assessments that consider the cultural backgrounds of students to provide a fairer evaluation of their abilities.
How is Sternberg's Triarchic Theory applied in education?
Teachers can design lessons that cater to analytical, creative, and practical intelligences to engage a wider range of students.
How can understanding the Flynn effect influence educational policies?
Educational policies can be adjusted to account for the rising average IQ scores over time, ensuring that curricula remain challenging and relevant.
How can an understanding of multiple intelligences be applied in career counseling?
Career counselors can help individuals identify their strengths in different intelligences to find suitable career paths.
How can the concept of standardization be applied to create fair college entrance exams?
Standardization ensures that all students take the exam under the same conditions, reducing variability and bias in scores.
How can the principles of validity and reliability be applied in employee selection?
Employers can use valid and reliable tests to ensure they are accurately measuring job-related skills and predicting future job performance.
How can understanding group differences in IQ scores help address educational inequalities?
Educators can implement targeted interventions to address the impact of poverty, discrimination, and educational inequalities on IQ scores.
How can the concept of stereotype threat be applied to improve workplace diversity?
Organizations can create inclusive environments that minimize the impact of stereotype threat on employees from underrepresented groups.
Compare Spearman's g factor and Gardner's multiple intelligences.
Spearman proposed a single general intelligence (g factor), while Gardner argued for multiple independent intelligences.
Compare achievement tests and aptitude tests.
Achievement tests measure what you've already learned, while aptitude tests predict future performance.
Compare a fixed mindset and a growth mindset.
A fixed mindset sees intelligence as unchangeable, while a growth mindset believes intelligence can be developed through effort.
Compare construct validity and predictive validity.
Construct validity assesses whether a test measures the intended concept, while predictive validity assesses whether it predicts future outcomes.
Compare stereotype threat and stereotype lift.
Stereotype threat is the fear of confirming negative stereotypes, while stereotype lift is a performance boost from positive stereotypes.
Compare the Stanford-Binet test and Wechsler scales.
The Stanford-Binet test used to calculate IQ by dividing mental age by chronological age, while Wechsler scales compare performance to age-based norms.
Compare analytical intelligence and practical intelligence.
Analytical intelligence involves problem-solving skills, while practical intelligence involves applying knowledge to real-world situations.
Compare reliability and validity in testing.
Reliability refers to the consistency of test results, while validity refers to whether the test measures what it's supposed to measure.
Compare the impact of cultural bias and socioeconomic disparities on IQ scores.
Cultural bias can lead to unfair assessments of intelligence, while socioeconomic disparities can limit access to resources that support cognitive development.
Compare the use of IQ scores in education and employment.
In education, IQ scores are used to identify students who need extra support, while in employment, they are used to assess job-related skills.