All Flashcards
What is the g factor?
A single general intelligence that influences all cognitive tasks.
Define multiple intelligences.
The theory that individuals have different strengths and weaknesses across various areas like linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial.
What is analytical intelligence?
Problem-solving skills.
Define creative intelligence.
Novel thinking and innovation.
What is practical intelligence?
Applying knowledge to real-world situations.
Define standardization in testing.
Ensuring consistent test administration and scoring.
What is validity in psychological testing?
Does the test measure what it's supposed to measure?
Define construct validity.
Does the test capture the intended concept?
What is predictive validity?
Does the test predict future outcomes?
Define reliability in testing.
Are the results consistent over time and across different parts of the test?
What are norms in psychological testing?
Standardized scores that allow for comparisons between individuals and groups.
Define stereotype threat.
The fear of confirming negative stereotypes can hurt performance.
What is the Flynn effect?
IQ scores have been increasing over time.
Define achievement tests.
Measure what you've already learned (e.g., reading, math).
Define aptitude tests.
Predict future performance (e.g., SAT, LSAT).
What is a fixed mindset?
Intelligence is seen as an innate, unchangeable trait.
Define growth mindset.
Intelligence can be developed through effort and learning.
Compare Spearman's g factor and Gardner's multiple intelligences.
Spearman proposed a single general intelligence (g factor), while Gardner argued for multiple independent intelligences.
Compare achievement tests and aptitude tests.
Achievement tests measure what you've already learned, while aptitude tests predict future performance.
Compare a fixed mindset and a growth mindset.
A fixed mindset sees intelligence as unchangeable, while a growth mindset believes intelligence can be developed through effort.
Compare construct validity and predictive validity.
Construct validity assesses whether a test measures the intended concept, while predictive validity assesses whether it predicts future outcomes.
Compare stereotype threat and stereotype lift.
Stereotype threat is the fear of confirming negative stereotypes, while stereotype lift is a performance boost from positive stereotypes.
Compare the Stanford-Binet test and Wechsler scales.
The Stanford-Binet test used to calculate IQ by dividing mental age by chronological age, while Wechsler scales compare performance to age-based norms.
Compare analytical intelligence and practical intelligence.
Analytical intelligence involves problem-solving skills, while practical intelligence involves applying knowledge to real-world situations.
Compare reliability and validity in testing.
Reliability refers to the consistency of test results, while validity refers to whether the test measures what it's supposed to measure.
Compare the impact of cultural bias and socioeconomic disparities on IQ scores.
Cultural bias can lead to unfair assessments of intelligence, while socioeconomic disparities can limit access to resources that support cognitive development.
Compare the use of IQ scores in education and employment.
In education, IQ scores are used to identify students who need extra support, while in employment, they are used to assess job-related skills.
How can understanding stereotype threat help educators?
Educators can create supportive environments to minimize the impact of stereotype threat on student performance.
How can a growth mindset be applied in education?
Teachers can encourage students to view challenges as opportunities for growth, fostering resilience and improving academic outcomes.
How can culturally responsive assessments be used in schools?
Schools can use assessments that consider the cultural backgrounds of students to provide a fairer evaluation of their abilities.
How is Sternberg's Triarchic Theory applied in education?
Teachers can design lessons that cater to analytical, creative, and practical intelligences to engage a wider range of students.
How can understanding the Flynn effect influence educational policies?
Educational policies can be adjusted to account for the rising average IQ scores over time, ensuring that curricula remain challenging and relevant.
How can an understanding of multiple intelligences be applied in career counseling?
Career counselors can help individuals identify their strengths in different intelligences to find suitable career paths.
How can the concept of standardization be applied to create fair college entrance exams?
Standardization ensures that all students take the exam under the same conditions, reducing variability and bias in scores.
How can the principles of validity and reliability be applied in employee selection?
Employers can use valid and reliable tests to ensure they are accurately measuring job-related skills and predicting future job performance.
How can understanding group differences in IQ scores help address educational inequalities?
Educators can implement targeted interventions to address the impact of poverty, discrimination, and educational inequalities on IQ scores.
How can the concept of stereotype threat be applied to improve workplace diversity?
Organizations can create inclusive environments that minimize the impact of stereotype threat on employees from underrepresented groups.