Cognition

Validity refers to the consistency of test results, while reliability refers to whether the test measures what it intends to measure.

Validity refers to whether the test measures what it intends to measure, while reliability refers to the consistency of test results.

Validity and reliability are interchangeable terms that both refer to the accuracy of a test.

Validity is only important for achievement tests, while reliability is only important for aptitude tests.

The decrease in average IQ scores over time.

The increase in average IQ scores over time.

The effect of stereotype threat on test performance.

The impact of genetics on intelligence.

Appropriate use of standardized testing.

A culturally responsive assessment.

Misuse of intelligence scores.

Effective identification of gifted students.

Spearman's '$g$ factor' theory

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences

Sternberg's triarchic theory

Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory

By providing an unfair advantage to certain cultural groups.

By accurately reflecting innate intelligence differences between groups.

By leading to lower scores for individuals from minority cultures due to unfamiliarity with test content.

By eliminating all group differences in intelligence scores.

Tests that predict future performance.

Tests that measure what you have already learned.

Tests that measure general intelligence.

Tests that assess creative problem-solving skills.

A measure of practical intelligence.

A single general ability that influences performance on many cognitive tasks.

The ability to solve novel problems.

A range of independent intellectual abilities.

The belief that intelligence is fixed and unchangeable.

The belief that intelligence can be developed through effort and learning.

The belief that innate talent is the primary determinant of success.

The belief that external factors have no impact on learning.

Analytical intelligence

Creative intelligence

Practical intelligence

Fluid intelligence

That the test measures what it is supposed to measure.

That the test yields consistent results over time.

Consistent test administration and scoring.

The test accurately predicts future outcomes.