All Flashcards
What are the stages of play development?
Parallel play, cooperative play, pretend play.
What are the stages of Erikson's psychosocial development in childhood?
Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion.
What are the stages of Erikson's psychosocial development in adulthood?
Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, Integrity vs. Despair.
What are the effects of inconsistent caregiving on attachment?
Can lead to insecure attachment styles like avoidant, anxious, or disorganized.
How do ACEs affect adult relationships?
Can lead to difficulties forming secure attachments, trust issues, and unhealthy relationship patterns.
How does authoritarian parenting affect a child's self-esteem?
Can lead to decreased self-esteem and increased anxiety.
What is the impact of societal values (macrosystem) on gender roles?
Societal values shape expectations for males and females, influencing their opportunities and behaviors.
How does a strong sense of identity (identity achievement) affect decision-making?
Leads to more confident and consistent decision-making aligned with personal values.
What is the effect of identity diffusion on life choices?
Can lead to inconsistent choices and a lack of direction in life.
How does economic hardship (macrosystem) affect parenting?
Can increase stress and lead to less responsive and more authoritarian parenting styles.
What is the impact of secure attachment in infancy on later relationships?
Associated with healthier and more stable relationships throughout life.
How does neglect (ACE) affect brain development?
Can impair brain development, leading to cognitive and emotional difficulties.
What is the effect of generativity on well-being in middle adulthood?
Contributing to future generations is associated with increased life satisfaction.
How can a lack of resolution in Erikson's stages affect later development?
Unresolved conflicts can create difficulties in subsequent stages and impact overall well-being.
What is Ecological Systems Theory?
Explains how our social environment shapes us through interconnected systems (micro, meso, exo, macro, chrono).
Explain the concept of 'social clock'.
Culture shapes the timing of adult milestones (leaving home, marriage, parenthood).
What is the main idea behind Erikson's theory?
We navigate psychosocial conflicts at each stage of life, resolving them to develop healthily.
What are ACEs and why are they important?
Adverse Childhood Experiences (abuse, neglect) can lead to difficulties forming secure attachments and healthy relationships later in life.
What is the 'imaginary audience'?
A component of adolescent egocentrism; feeling self-conscious about minor flaws because one believes they are constantly observed.
What is the 'personal fable'?
A component of adolescent egocentrism; belief in their own uniqueness and invincibility.
What is the significance of Harlow's monkey studies?
Demonstrated that comfort is more important than food in forming attachments.
How do individualistic and collectivistic cultures differ?
Individualistic cultures focus on independence, while collectivistic cultures focus on family and community.
What are 'possible selves'?
Imagined future identities that guide decision-making; positive selves motivate, negative selves deter.
How does temperament affect attachment?
Innate personality traits can influence the type of attachment a child forms with their caregiver.
What is separation anxiety?
Normal stage (8-18 months) where kids fear being away from caregivers or around strangers.