Social-Emotional Development Across the Lifespan
Elijah Flores
8 min read
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Study Guide Overview
This study guide covers social-emotional development, focusing on the influence of the social environment (Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory), parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, permissive), and attachment styles (secure, insecure). It also explores peer relationships, adolescent egocentrism (imaginary audience, personal fable), adult social development, Erikson's psychosocial development stages, ACEs, and adolescent identity development (identity achievement, diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium). Finally, it provides practice questions and exam tips.
#AP Psychology Social-Emotional Development Study Guide 🚀
Hey there, future AP Psych superstar! This guide is your go-to resource for acing the social-emotional development section of the exam. Let's get this done!
#Introduction to Social-Emotional Development
Social-emotional development is a lifelong journey that shapes how we interact with others and understand ourselves. It's all about forming attachments, developing our identities, and navigating relationships. Remember, early experiences, especially in childhood, have a HUGE impact on our overall well-being. Let's dive in!
#The Social Environment's Influence on Development
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Ecological Systems Theory
This theory, developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner, explains how our social environment shapes us through five interconnected systems:
- Microsystem: Direct interactions (family, friends, teachers).
- Mesosystem: Connections between microsystems (parent-teacher communication).
- Exosystem: Indirect influences (parent's workplace, local policies).
- Macrosystem: Broader cultural context (societal values, economic conditions).
- Chronosystem: Impact of time and historical events (growing up during a recession).
Caption: Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory illustrates how various layers of environment influence an individual's development.
#Parenting Styles and Cultural Differences
#Authoritarian vs. Authoritative vs. Permissive
- Authoritarian: Strict rules, low warmth, high expectations. Think "because I said so!"
- Authoritative: Clear rules, high warmth, encourages independence. This is the sweet spot!
- Permissive: Few rules, high warmth, low expectations. The "cool parent" type.
Don't confuse authoritarian and authoritative! Authoritative is generally the best outcome.
- Cultural Differences: Parenting styles vary across cultures. Authoritarian may be more accepted in some cultures but authoritative is generally associated with positive outcomes.
#Attachment Styles in Children
#Secure vs. Insecure Attachment
- Secure Attachment: Consistent, responsive care leads to trust and safety. The child feels confident and loved.
- Insecure Attachment: Inconsistent or unr...
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